TYPHOID FEVER MILK-BORNE OUTBREAKS 



327 



the storeroom probably became con- 

 taminated, and hence the milk. 



Probable exciting catise. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr 

 M'Fadyen (Med. Off. of Health). Brit. 

 Med. Jour.^ 1889, vol. i., p. 1250. 



63 



3 



Edinburgh, 1890 [October). 



Total number of cases 

 Deaths .... 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 56 

 Percentage on total cases . . 89 

 Number of polluted milk sources I 

 Number of milkmen ... 7 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 sup>ply. — Serious sanitary defects at 

 farm. Well water of a dangerous 

 character (analysis). Probable channel 

 of infection was through unclean cans. 

 As a rule large milk drinkers were 

 affected. Various collateral evidence 

 implicating milk. 



Probable exciting cause. — Undeter- 

 mined. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Harvey 

 Littlejohn. Trans. Edin. Med. Chir. 

 Soc, 1 89 1. 



Shavrland, Glasgo^o-, 1891 {August). 



Total number of cases . . 42 



Deaths 6 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 37 



Percentage on total cases . . 88 



Number of polluted milk soiurces i 



Number of milkmen ... I 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Bad sanitary conditions 

 existed at farm ; drainage liable 

 to pollute business water service. 

 Farmers daughter had typhoid, and 

 excreta thrown into dung-pit in hot 

 weather. All first 39 cases scattered 

 over wide area were drinkers of 

 implicating milk. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr 

 Campbell Munro (Coimty Med. Off. 

 of Health). Public Health, 1891-92, 

 p. 275. 



Dundee, 1892 [August and September). 



Total number of cases . . T^ 



Deaths 11 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 43 



Percentage on total cases . . 59 

 Number of families supplied by 



milkman invaded ... 32 



Number of polluted milk soiu-ces i 



Nimiber of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 sup>ply. — Buildings old and dilapidated, 

 badly kept. Well water used for 

 dairying purposes. Typhoid fever 

 case on dairjTnan's premises in August- 

 Milk supply stopped on 28th August. 



Probable exciting cause, — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Ander- 

 son (Med. Off. of Health). Brit. Med. 

 four., 1892, vol. ii., pp. 598, 902, 915. 



Plymouth, 1892 [Spring). 



Total number of cases . . 12 



Deaths i 



Nimiber of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 12 



Percentage on total cases . . 100 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 sup>ply, — Well leak)-, within 40 feet of 

 cess-pit, polluted with typhoid excreta. 

 Typhoid fever in farmer's family — 

 fanner and wife carrying on dairy 

 work including milking the cows 

 whilst they were also nursing the sick. 

 The fatal case was of a yoimg man 

 who had been ordered a milk diet. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr F. 

 M. Williams (Med. Off. of Health). 

 Brit. Med. four., 1892, vol. i., p. 

 1 1 57. 



