332 



PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MILK 



between all the cases was the milk 

 supply. The conditions existing at the 

 dairy and cow-house were extremely 

 bad, being dirty and having a very 

 offensive manure pit and privy. The 

 young son of the dairyman was stated 

 to have suffered from inflammation of 

 the bowels about the middle of June. 

 Although there was no direct or 

 authentic evidence of the contamina- 

 tion of the milk supply, Sir H. D. 

 Littlejohn believes that the milk was 

 the means of carrying the disease. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Sir H. D. 

 Littlejohn M.D. (Med. Off. of Health). 

 Annual Rep. ^ 1899-1900, p. 35. 



Salford, 1900 {November). 



Total number of cases . . 27 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 18 



Percentage 66 



Number of polluted milk source^ i 

 Number of milkmen in Man- 

 chester I 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — The dairyman had suffered 

 from a disease which appeared to Dr 

 Niven to have been typhoid fever, 

 although it had been treated as uncom- 

 plicated pneumonia. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Niven 

 (Med. Off. of Health). Annual Rep., 

 1900, p. 79. 



Glasgow, 1900 (.fuly). 



Total number of cases . . 34 



Number of polluted milk sources i 

 Number of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — The milk distribution was 

 the only circumstance common to all 

 the patients. Each member of the 

 dairyman's family and all the milk 

 distributors were examined and found 



well. On examining the farm from 

 which the milk was chiefly obtained, 

 it was found that the water supply had 

 recently been changed, and was open 

 to criticism. Several relatives of the 

 farmer were known to have suffered 

 from typhoid fever. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source, affecting the water supply. 



Reporter and reference. — Report of 

 Med. Off. of Health of Glasgow, 

 1 899- 1 900, p. 45. 



Elkton, Maryland, U.S.A., 1900 



(^October'). 



Total number of cases . . 64 



Deaths 2 



Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 61 



Percentage on total cases . . 95-3 

 Number of families supplied by 



milkman 39 



Number of such families invaded 39 



Percentage 100 



Number of polluted milk sources i 



Number of milkmen . . . i 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Mrs A., wife of the dairyman, 

 assisted in nursing a case of typhoid 

 in an adjoining farm. Mrs A. and 

 her son, who did the dairy work, were 

 also " ill with fever." Cows (22) were 

 healthy. Contaminated water supply 

 was used for dairying purposes. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 source. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr John 

 S. Fulton (Sec. State Bd. of Health, 

 Maryland, U.S.A.). Jour, of Hygiene, 

 vol. i.. No. 4, p. 422-429. 



Hamar, Lake IMjosen, Norway, 1900. 



Total number of cases . . 53 

 Circumstances iinplicating the milk 

 supply. — Sudden outbreak traced to 

 dairy where dairyman and his wife 

 were both suffering from typhoid fever. 

 The woman was affected first, but con- 

 tinued to work in the milk-shop. Out 

 of the 53 persons affected, 42 contracted 



