334 



PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MILK 



about the dairy for several weeks. On 

 I ith March, the outbreak commenced. 

 No other possible source of infection 

 was discovered except the keeper him- 

 self ; fully three months elapsed be- 

 tween the beginning of his illness and 

 the infection of the other cases. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human 

 infection during convalescence. 



Reporter and reference. — James 

 Jamieson, M.D. (Med. Off. of Health, 

 Melbourne). The Australasian Med. 

 Gazette., 21st April 1902. 



Olydach, Glamorgan, 1901. 



Total number of cases . . 21 



Deaths i 



Number of families supplied by 



milkmen . . . . •7'^ 



Number of such families invaded 8 



Percentage 11 



Number of polluted milk sources i 



Number of milkmen ... 3 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — The eldest son of the farmer 

 supplying the milk had enteric fever 

 and died. From 12th October to 25th 

 October, 16 cases of typhoid occurred 

 among persons using the milk from 

 this farm either directly or through 

 two other milkmen (7 cases). No 

 evidence to show how the milk 

 became infected, but it must have been 

 in the house. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr 

 Williams (Med. Off. of Glamorgan- 

 shire). Public Healthy 1901-02, pp. 

 650-654. 



Adams, Mass., U.S.A., 1901. 



Number of persons affected . 28 

 Number of persons affected who 

 drank common milk supply of 

 a particular dealer ... 28 

 Percentage of cases to drinkers . 100 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — Upon examination it was 

 found that all the cases of typhoid had 



obtained milk from one dealer, who 

 obtained his milk (27 cans) from 2 

 farms. The dealer fetched the milk 

 every afternoon and distributed it the 

 following morning. During the night 

 it remained in his house. On 5th 

 November, he became ill, and con- 

 tinued to work till nth November, 

 when he was too ill, and he remained 

 away from work till 2nd December, 

 returning then only to have to give up 

 again on 8th December. His illness 

 was described as "influenza," but 

 simulated typhoid, and his blood gave 

 a positive Widal reaction. His illness 

 began 5th November. His customers 

 began to be ill on 15th November. 



Probable exciting cause. — Milk in- 

 fected from human sources. 



Reporter and reference. — Dr Morse 

 (State Bd. of Health, Massachusetts). 

 Report^ 1 90 1, p. 559. 



Beverley and Salem, Mass., U.S.A., 

 1901. 



Total number of cases . . 26 

 Number of cases amongst 



drinkers of suspected milk . 22 

 Percentage on total cases . . 85 



Circumstances implicating the milk 

 supply. — The milk dealer implicated 

 supplied most of the milk from his own 

 cows, but supplemented it by small 

 quantities from two other sources, the 

 whole of the supply being mixed before 

 distribution. It was found that the 

 farmer's son who had assisted in the 

 milking and the distribution of the 

 customers, was ill with typhoid fever, 

 and at one of the farms supplying the 

 milk there were 7 cases of typhoid, 

 probably due to a polluted spring and 

 well water. When the milk supply 

 was controlled the outbreak ceased. 



Probable exciting cause. — Human. 



Reference. — Thirty-second Ann. Rep. 

 of State Bd. of Health, Massachusetts, 

 1901. 



