MODEL MILK CLAUSES 457 



from a particular source has been found to be producing disease in 

 one district, or even when it transpires that cases traceable to the 

 same supply of milk are occurring in other districts, it would be 

 necessary for the medical officer of each of these other districts 

 separately to inspect the particular dairy from which the milk was 

 supplied and comply with the other requirements of the section 

 before the implicated milk could be excluded from his district. It 

 seems obvious that when disease has been traced to a particular 

 milk supply the sale of such milk should be altogether stopped, and 

 not merely that it should be excluded from the district in which 

 the outbreak has occurred. The County Council has no power to 

 exclude from London even a particular milk known to be the cause 

 of disease. Moreover, when a sanitar}- authority in London excludes 

 from its district the milk from a particular farm, notice is required 

 to be given to the council of the county in which the farm is 

 situated, but we know of no power of such county council to 

 stop the sale of the milk. The section as it stands, is, in fact, 

 practically worthless. 



In the third place, there are various local acts which contain 

 clauses dealing in particular with the milk supply. 



The Sanitary Committee of the City of Manchester, inspired by 

 the Report of the Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, determined, 

 in September 1898, to apply for similar powers to those enjoyed 

 by Glasgow under its Police (Amendment) Act. As originally 

 drafted, the Manchester Milk Clauses sought unlimited power of 

 inspection of the cows on all farms supplying milk in Manchester, 

 and provided for the exclusion, temporary or permanent, of milk 

 from cows with udders affected with any disease, as well as of the 

 milk from cows affected with advanced tuberculosis. 



Some eight other corporations took the same course, but the 

 opposition at first was concentrated on Manchester, and the clauses 

 were materially curtailed before they reached Parliament. It was 

 found impossible from the beginning to insert a clause providing 

 for the slaughter of cows suffering from tuberculosis of the udder, 

 or from advanced tuberculosis, though the necessity for this clause 

 was clearly recognised. The corporations applying for powers were 

 advised by the Local Government Board that they would be much 

 more likely to get powers from Parliament if they could agree upon 

 a common set of clauses. 



The common clauses were considered by the Local Government 

 Board, the Board of Agriculture, the Associated Chambers of Agri- 

 culture, and the Corporation concerned, and in their final form 



