46o THE CONTROL OF THE MILK SUPPLY 



the conditions, and others include notification of various infectious 

 diseases, and a guarantee not to sell milk derived from diseased 

 udders. The certificate has to be renewed every year ; and is 

 cancelled immediately any breach of the regulations takes place. 

 At Sunderland, Dr Scurfield informs the writer that five farmers 

 doing a large business are so certified, and have found the regulations 

 to be most helpful to their business and beneficial to their herds.^ 



Nor must we fail to mention the excellent work which has 

 been done by the Corporations of St Helens, Liverpool, Bradford, 

 Battersea, and other places in the direction of supplying sterilised 

 milk for infants and children. The idea seems to have originated 

 in Dr Leon Dufour's establishment at Fecamp in Normandy, and 

 has now been adopted in various places. In principle it consists in 

 supplying " humanised " sterilised milk in stoppered bottles, each 

 bottle containing sufficient food for one meal. Probably in England 

 it is most largely carried out at Liverpool, where they have four 

 branches with sterilising apparatus at two of them. The process 

 is as follows : — When the milk is received, it is tested in a Lister- 

 Gerber Tester, passed through a fine sieve, and the special modifica- 

 tion made. It is then bottled by means of a special apparatus ^ and 

 the corks lightly fitted. The bottles are placed on trays, and the 

 trays placed in the steriliser,^ which is then closed and the steam 

 admitted. When the temperature reaches 200° F., no further heat is 

 applied, and this temperature is maintained for half an hour. The 

 steriliser is then opened and the trays taken out. The stoppers 

 are then fastened securely, and the bottles are placed in the wire 

 baskets, seven or nine according to the table. Each basket is then 

 labelled, and the milk is placed on sale. In addition to the 

 Corporation Dep6ts, arrangements have been made with over 30 

 dairies, situated all over the town, to keep a stock of the milk, so 

 that customers may obtain a supply with as little inconvenience as 

 possible. The writer desires to make it clear that, however useful 

 such sterilised milk is, the great requirement at the present time 

 is a naturally pure milk supply. The promoters of these municipal 

 supplies doubtless fully recognise that. i^See footnote, p. 503.) 



In passing, reference may be made to the ice cream regulations 

 now in force in London,* which require that ice cream must be 

 made and stored in sanitary premises, and must not be made or 



* See Appendix L, p. 576, for Regulations in operation at Sunderland. 



^ Made by the Palatine Engineering Co., Blackstock Street, Liverpool. 

 3 Made by R. A. Lister & Co., Dursley. 



* London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1902, part viii.. Sees. 42-45. 



