488 THE CONTROL OF THE MILK SUPPLY 



water, not only in order to keep it thoroughly clean, but also in 

 order to obtain, especially in summer, the lowest possible tempera- 

 ture. The different functions are carried out by i8o employes 

 divided into two shifts, one commencing work at 3.30 in the morn- 

 ing, and leaving off at 3 in the afternoon, having in this time taken 

 three hours rest, and the other working from 1.30 in the afternoon 

 to 2 o'clock in the morning, with four hours rest (from 6 to 10 in 

 the evening). The employes wear white duck clothing which is 

 provided and washed for them ; the men, coat, apron, and cap ; the 

 women, a sort of blouse, apron, and cap ; and everyone wears sabots. 

 Smoking and spitting on the ground are absolutely forbidden. The 

 steam necessary for the pasteurisation of the milk for infants is 

 produced by machinery. There is also a machine for washing, 

 sterilising, and drying the sand used for filtering the milk. In order 

 to keep the milk at a low temperature during the different manipu- 

 lations, from its arrival to its departure, no less than two million 

 kilos of ice per annum are used, of which the greater part comes 

 in summer from Norway. There is also a special railway station 

 for the reception and dispatch of the milk. 



Arrival and reception of the milk.— The milk from the morn- 

 ing and evening milkings does not arrive in Copenhagen in the same 

 form ; that of the evening milking alone is delivered as it is pro- 

 duced, that of the morning milking, after having been kept in ice 

 all day, is creamed at the farm and dispatched with the evening 

 milking as cream and creamed milk still containing about i per 

 cent, of fatty matter. The two sorts of milk, creamed and not 

 creamed, are, as will be seen later, resold under their true names at 

 different prices. The transport plant, vans, and boxes, belong to 

 the Company : they are all sealed when sent off, and should arrive 

 with seals intact at the station of the Solbjerg works. Generally, 

 all the day's milk (creamed and uncreamed) leaves the farms in the 

 evening so as to arrive in Copenhagen between nine o'clock and 

 midnight. 



As soon as the first vans arrive the milk cans are unloaded 

 without delay. The Company receives about 600 cans daily, 

 each of which contains 50 litres. The total volume of milk 

 received daily is, therefore, approximately about 30,000 litres. 

 It is on this enormous quantity that the 180 employes are going 

 to work in various ways from nine in the morning until 

 evening. 



The vans alongside the platform of the works are discharged 

 into trucks, which transport the boxes into the hall where a group 



