574 APPENDICES 



manner as not to cause draughts, and provision should be made for extracting 

 the fresh air supplied after it has become contaminated in the cowshed. The 

 supply of fresh air should be spread out as much as possible, so as not to 

 cause draughts, and extraction should be conducted on the same principle. 

 Thus, air may be admitted under the eaves by spaces which should, however, 

 be accessible for cleaning, and extracted continuously by the ridge of the roof. 

 Or, if a hayloft is over the cowshed, a double set of openings should be made in 

 the walls for the admission and extraction of air, the latter being near the ceiling 

 level. In the latter case, also, the ceiling of the cowshed should be rendered 

 impermeable to dust. 



D. A cowshed should not have less than 50 superficial feet per cow, nor be 

 less than 12 feet high. If the cowshed is large, the height should be corres- 

 pondingly increased, but the floor space should not be diminished. 



The Committee are aware that many existing cowsheds do not conform to 

 these suggestions, but they consider it desirable to place milk producers in 

 possession of their views on the subject. 



Miscellaneous. 



Farmers are also advised that — 



I. Their stock should be guaranteed free from tuberculosis. In order to get 

 rid of the disease it will be necessary to have their existing stock tested and 

 tuberculous cows removed from the cowshed, and fresh cows purchased under a 

 guarantee of freedom from tuberculosis. This will, at first, entail a loss, but the 

 ultimate gain will more than compensate for the initial loss. In order to miti- 

 gate the initial loss, they may isolate the cows found to be tuberculous and 

 fatten them for slaughter. This will require, however, some provision for isola- 

 tion. On the other hand, from the public health point of view, it would be 

 better to slaughter the affected animals at once and to replace them by fresh 

 cows, where this could be done. It is largely a matter of expense. This opera- 

 tion will evidently be most easily conducted while the cows are outside in summer, 

 but, with sufficient arrangements for isolation, may be effected at any season, 



2. No milk should be sent into the City from a cow affected with knots, 

 indurations, or other diseased conditions of the udder. 



3. The water consumed by the cows should be pure and wholesome. Where 

 this is supplied by ponds, each pond should be fenced round so as to prevent 

 excreta being washed into it, and means should be devised to prevent the 

 cows from fouling the water in the act of drinking. 



4. The water supply of the homestead should be free from contamination, 

 for the sake of the household. It will be sufificient as regards utensils if all 

 water used in washing these is scalding hot, providing the utensils are thoroughly 

 cleaned. 



5. A supply of clean wholesome water should be carried into the cowshed, 

 and stored in a clean covered cistern, both in order to supply drinking water to 

 the cows and with a view to cleansing the cowshed. Where, however, whole- 

 some water is supplied under pressure, it will suffice to have a tap in the cow- 

 shed, though it is desirable also to fix a tap to each trough connected with a 

 common pipe running along the back of the troughs. 



6. To prevent the propagation of tuberculosis, each cow should have a 

 separate stall and a separate earthenware feeding trough, bedded in cement 



