218 THE BACTERIOPHAGE 



haggard aspect and then falls as though struck by lightning. In 

 typical cases, which can be reproduced in a perfect manner in 

 experimental infection, the animal appears dejected, the eyes 

 fixed, the head lowered. The temperature rapidly mounts to 

 41.5 to 42.5°C, the respiration, at first accelerated, becomes 

 slowed and then dyspneic, the inspirations less and less frequent. 

 The animal shows meteorism; it lies flat on the ground in complete 

 lateral decubitus usually a short time before death which is pre- 

 ceded by cramps and at times convulsions. 



Often tumefaction is to be observed, appearing usually in the 

 region of the throat and extending back to the shoulder. The 

 engorgement is produced by a gelatinous exudate of a yellow 

 color within the connective tissue. At times the tumefaction 

 appears in another part of the body, or it may be entirely lacking. 

 This tumefaction, as shown in experimental infection, marks the 

 portal of entrance of the pathogenic bacteria. Infection usually 

 occurs by way of the digestive tract and the virus most frequently 

 penetrates the tissues through some portion of the nasopharynx. 

 A tumefaction on another part of the body — thigh, abdomen, 

 rump — indicates a reinfection by the penetration of the virus 

 through an excoriation. Examination of cadavers shows that 

 the absence of tumefaction indicates an infection by way of the 

 stomach and intestine. 



Bovines and the buffalo are equally susceptible, as was noted 

 a long time ago by Piot in Egypt. The statistics of Indo-China 

 indicate, it is true, that the mortality from barbone is but slight 

 for cattle, but this is solely due to the fact that these animals are 

 present in but small numbers in the regions where barbone rages; 

 regions which are extremely humid and admirably adapted to 

 the buffalo, a semi-aquatic animal. The rare cattle found some- 

 times in such regions contract the disease and die like the buffalo, 

 after having presented identical symptoms. 



The effect of low places and swamps on the contagion has been 

 from time immemorial recognized by the natives. When it is 

 possible, as soon as a case of barbone is detected in a neighborhood, 

 they hasten to collect their animals and remove them to a more 

 elevated region. It is known, moreover, that the organisms of 

 the Pasteurella group remain virulent for a very long time in 

 the mud of the marshes and in the slime of the streams. 





