California Fish and Game 



"conservation of wild life through education." 



Volume 20 SACRAMENTO, JULY, 1934 No. 3 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



. Page 



A STUDY OF THE LIFE HISTORY AND FOOD HABITS OF MULE DEER 



IN CALIFORNIA Joseph 8. Dixon 181 



EDITORIALS AND NOTES 283 



STATISTICS — 



Statement of Income 304 



Statement of Expenditures 305 



Violations of Fish and Game Laws 308 



Fresh Fish Landings and Importations 310 



A STUDY OF THE LIFE HISTORY AND FOOD 

 HABITS OF MULE DEER IN CALIFORNIA* 



By Joseph S. Dixon 



With photographs by the author. 



PART I— LIFE HISTORY 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 

 INTRODUCTION 182 



Acknowledgments 185 



IDENTIFICATION 186 



Characters of the genus Odocoileus 186 



Nomenclature 186 



DISTRIBUTION OF MULE DEER IN CALIFORNIA 187 



CHARACTERS 189 



General Characters 189 



Measurements 191 



Weights 192 



Antlers and Horned Does . 192 



Ears 19 9 



Tail 199 



Metatarsal Glands 203 



Eye Shine 204 



Voice 205 



Tracks 206 



Beds 209 



Mannerisms 215 



Senses 219 



GENERAL HABITS 224 



Extent and Causes of Seasonal Migrations 224 



Fluctuations in Mule Deer Populations 230 



Winter Range 231 



Local Habitat 232 



* Contribution from the Wildlife Division, United States National Park Service. 

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