CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. 



309 



Now we have said that alcohols and ethers are names 

 given to classes of bodies ; this is also the case with acids. 

 Acetic acid may be regarded as the type of one class of 

 acids. We can not here go deeper into this abstruse sub- 

 ject ; if you wish to learn about mono- and di-basic, mon- 

 atornic and diatomic acids, we refer you to larger works, 

 especially to Fowne's Manual of Chemistry. All the acids 

 with which you will become familiar citric (from lemons), 

 tartaric (from grapes), malic (from apples), formic (from 

 ants), and a host of others belong to this division, and 

 are regarded as similarly constituted, their basicity, etc., 

 excepted. Examine also the table, page 303, giving acids 

 and alcohols corresponding to the hydrocarbons of the 

 Ethylene Series. 



TABLE 



Showing the Chemical Relations of Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Acids, and 

 Ethers in the First Three Members of the Marsh Gas Series: 



