xiv CONTENTS 



CHAPTER V 



I'AGF. 



PLANTING (continued) ....... 45 



Root-injury of nursery stock; evils of excessive root-injury; 

 root-pruning; effect on the crop. Lifting nursery stock. 

 Best age for transplanting. Best time for planting. Exposure 

 of trees before planting. Depth of planting. Working stocks 

 above and below ground. Planting trees and cuttings in 

 sand. Distribution of new rootlet formed by trees. Arrange- 

 ment of trees in a plantation; orientation of the rows. 



CHAPTER VI 



PRUNING . . . . . . . . . 57 



Under- and over-pruning; effect of pruning on growth; self 

 pruning; effect of pruning on fruit production; necessity for 

 some pruning. 



CHAPTER VII 



PRUNING (continued) ....... 69 



The pruning of older and ailing trees; lopping; lopping at 

 different times of the year; cutting back trees when trans- 

 planted ; deferred cutting back. Pruning at different times ; 

 summer pruning; pinching, breaking and twisting the shoots. 

 The manner of pruning. Root-pruning ; reciprocal effect of 

 root- and branch-pruning. 



CHAPTER VIII 



SOIL- ANALYSES . . . . . . . 8 1 



Mechanical and chemical analyses of the soils at Ridgmont 

 and Millbrook. 



CHAPTER IX 



MANURES 87 



Supply of available food in a soil; difference between trees 

 and farm crops; general results at Ridgmont. Results with 

 apples ; with mixed plantations ; with farm crops. Experi- 

 ments in poor soil ; effect of omitting certain manurial elements. 

 Results with gooseberries ; with currants and raspberries ; 

 with strawberries. 



CHAPTER X 



MANURES (continued) ....... 101 



Discussion of the general results ; artificials and dung ; food 

 requirements of farm crops and trees ; analyses of fruits and 

 fruit trees ; peculiarities of gooseberries, etc., as contrasted with 

 fruit trees ; practical conclusions. Green manuring. Loss of 

 weight "of manure in transit. 



