7 2 PHILOSOPHIC SCIENCES. 



unity of substance and the unity of motion. He was accused of being an 

 atheist, but he dissembled his real opinions so well that he was pensioned by 

 the Pope, and died at Rome (1576), drawing horoscopes and selling elixirs. 



This same school naturally produced several lunatics and victims of 

 hallucination, some inclining to pantheism, and others to scepticism, the 

 latter having studied medicine and the former scholasticism before they were 

 smitten with a desire to know and to define the essence of God and the 

 essence of the soul. Andrew Cesalpin of Arezzo, who had been physician to 

 Pope Clement VIII., was, upon good grounds, suspected of pantheism, and 

 even of atheism, for having maintained with Averroes that God was not so 

 much the cause as the substance of all things. Notwithstanding the errors 

 contained in his works, he escaped all persecution, and died a Christian death 

 at Rome in 1603. But the unhappy Jordano Bruno, a Dominican monk, 

 was less fortunate than Andrew Cesalpin. Possessed of talents more prolific 

 than judicious, endowed with a brilliant imagination, and carrying his 

 confidence to the point of presumption, Bruno, who had already been 

 denounced for the boldness of his systems, was about to be proceeded against 

 by the ecclesiastical authorities when he fled into Naples. He wandered 

 from city to city during twenty years, and printed at London, Paris, and 

 Frankfort several philosophical treatises, in which he attacked both the 

 Catholic dogma and the doctrine of Aristotle. His boldness proved fatal to 

 him, and, having the imprudence to return to Italy, the Inquisition caused 

 him to be arrested, tried, and condemned to the stake as a relapsed heretic. 

 He was burnt at Rome in 1600. 



"While the doctrine of Aristotle was supreme in North Italy, the schools 

 of the kingdom of Naples accorded the preference to Plato and to the 

 Alexandrian philosophers ; but whether under the auspices of Plato or 

 Aristotle, it was none the less pantheism which reigned everywhere alike. 

 Thus Telesio was pantheist in his chair at Cosenza ; Patrizzi, who occupied 

 the chair at Ferrara, was not only a pantheist, but came to profess this 

 pagan doctrine in the very University of Rome. The great names of Plato 

 and Aristotle served as a cloak for the tendencies of their interpreters. The 

 Inquisition did not consider itself called upon to defend the Church against 

 science, for the apostles of the Aristotelist and Platonist philosophy had no 

 part in the schemes of the heretical innovators. 



It was necessary, however, to select a philosophy for the Lutheran schools. 



