MA THEMA TICAL SCIENCES. 



81 



nomors addicted to the art of divination, to astrology, and even to magic, 

 contributed in a largo degree to the scientific and intellectual movement in 

 the Iberian peninsula ; but they were obliged to conceal their Hebrew 

 origin under Arab pseudonyms. 



Charlemagne, when he instituted his palatine academy, did not omit the 

 exact sciences, which found a place upon the same footing as the speculative 

 sciences, literature, and the arts. Astronomers and geometricians naturally 

 ranked with natural philosophers, musicians, and poets. The Irish man of 



Fig. fi8. Mathematician Monks; one teaching the Globe, the other copying a Manuscript. 

 After a Miniature of the Romance of the " Image of the World." Manuscript of the 

 Thirteenth Century. National Library, Paris. 



letters, Dungal, was selected by the great Emperor to superintend the 

 investigations necessitated by the reform of the calendar, and to collate the 

 annals of celestial phenomena, and he was assisted by Alcuin, Amalaire, and 

 Ruban Maur. 



At the death of Charlemagne, the exact sciences, which had flourished for 

 a brief space at his court, seemed to shrink into the seclusion of the 

 monasteries (Fig. 58). Dungal set his pupils the example of retirement, 



M 



