MEDICAL SCIENCES. 



Decline of Medicine after the death of Hippocrates. The School of Galen. The School of 

 Alexandria. Talismans and Orisons against Illness. Monastic Medicine. Female Doctors. 

 The Arab Schools. The Schools of Naples, Monte Casino, and Salerno. The Hospitallers. 

 The School of Cordova. Epidemics coming from the East. The appearance of Military 

 Surgery. The Schools of Montpellier and Paris. Lanfranc as upholder of Surgery. 

 College of St. Cosmo at Paris. Guy de Chauliac. Rivalry of the Surgeons and the Barhers. 

 Medical Police. The Occult Sciences in Medicine. Rivalry of the Surgeons and the 

 Doctors. The Doctors in the Sixteenth Century. Andrew Vesalius. Ambroise Pare. 



HRISTIANITY, as might be expected, 

 exercised a great and immediate influence 

 npon the practice and the science of 

 medicine. Christ healing the sick by the 

 laying on of hands, restoring sight to 

 the blind and making the lame to walk 

 by an appeal to God, and raising the 

 dead to life in the name of the Father, 

 seemed to intimate to the world that 

 prayer and faith were the best remedies 

 against human ills. 

 Medicine and its indispensable accompaniment, the art of surgery, under- 

 went, subsequently to the death of Hippocrates, transformations due to the 

 rival sects of dogmatism and empiricism, without making any real progress. 

 Men of intelligence, but too hampered by scepticism or materialism, such as 

 Themison of Laodicea and Soranus of Ephesus, founded a new doctrine called 

 Methodism, which made the science of medicine rest upon the analogous and 

 mutual relations of the organic affections' to one another. This doctrine, 

 which took no account of anatomical studies, admitted only two principles or 

 causes of illness, strictum and laxttm that is to say, the contraction and the 

 relaxation of the tissues ; and the invariable course of treatment was either 



