MEDICAL SCIENCES. 



,63 



or scurvy of the head, which extended from Poland into Bohemia and Austria, 

 puzzled the sagacity of the astrologers, who sought for the explanation of 

 terrestrial phenomena in signs from above. 



While in medicine astrological imposture was invading the domain of 

 practical observation, Italian surgery, compromised by a mass of charlatans, 

 was not nearly so far advanced as French surgery (Fig. 113). Germany, not 



Fig. 112. Beadles of the Three Faculties of Theology, Jurisprudence, and Medicine at the 

 University of Pont-a-Mousson. From the "Funeral of Charles III., Duke of Lorraine" 

 (1608), Copper Plate engraved by F. Brentel, after Claude de la Ruelle. In the Library of 

 M. Ambroise Firmin-Didot, Paris. 



less backward in medical science, manifested an equal degree of contempt for 

 bath-keepers, shepherds, and barbers, all of whom were prevented from form- 

 ing corporations, or marrying into any family not engaged in their trade. 

 Surgical art was at an even lower ebb in Germany than it was in Italy, as a 

 proof of which it may be mentioned that Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, 

 in order to be cured of an old wound, was obliged to convoke all the barbers 



