////: OCCUL r .sv7/:.vr/:.v. 



221 



Smilis, and the philosopher, Michael Scott, who finds his place in Dante's 

 " Divine Comedy." Amongst tm> Knglish must be mentioned the terrible 

 James Jodoc, who succeeded in " setting " the demon in a magic ring ; while 

 all other German magicians are eclipsed by the legendary John Faust, who 

 made a pact with the devil for twenty-four years, and who, at the end of 

 that period, was carried down to hell by the demon Mephistophiles, whom he 

 hud taken into his service. 



But most of these so-called magicians were men of true learning, who, 

 after exploring the vast domain of science, lapsed into the study of the 

 occult arts. They must not, therefore, be confounded with the sorcerers or 

 enchanters, who paid dearly for their sinister celebrity, and who were 



Fig. 162. Dragons. After Miniatures in the " Book of the Marvels of the World." Manuscript 

 of the Fourteenth Century. National Library, Paris. 



punished with death for their misdeeds. Amongst the latter were Jacques 

 Dulot, who during the reign of Philippe le Bel killed himself in prison, 

 after his wife had been burnt alive; Paviot, surnamed the Butcher, who 

 perished at the stake, while his accomplice, Enguerrand de Marigny, was 

 hung in chains at Montfaucon ; Jean de Bar, also condemned to the stake 

 as a necromancer and an invoker of the devil, at the end of the fourteenth 

 century ; and, most notable of all, the prototype of the legendary Bluebeard, 

 the execrable Gilles de Laval, called Marshal de Raiz (or Retz), who, in 

 concert with a Florentine sorcerer named Prelati, dabbled in necromancy 

 and magic during his horrible debauches at his castles of Machecoul and 

 Chantoce, in Brittany. 



