GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. 



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Spanish pilots, are not of an earlier date than Marino's map of the world, 

 but they were very numerous in the following century. These charts, which 

 are as a rule remarkable for the excellence of their drawing, are wonderfully 

 accurate, and often contain allusions to celebrated sea voyages, together with 



Fig. 204. Map of the Island of Taprobana. Reduced Fac-simile of a Map in Ptolemy's 

 Geography, in the Latin Edition of 1492 (TJlmae, per Leonardum Hoi), oflered by Nicholas 

 Germain to Pope Paul II. In the Library of M. Ambroise Firinin-Didot, Paris. 



references which enable the reader to follow the phases of these voyages in 

 chronological order, and to ascertain their results. It may safely be said that 

 every pilot was capable of drawing for himself a very minute coast chart of 

 all the seas in which he navigated. 



