III'.RAf.niC SCIENCE. 307 



fleur-de-lis or. The ancient family of Vienno, which had given two admirals 

 and a marshal to France, has ijnli'x, with eagle or. The house of Savoy, in 

 Dauphiny, has azure, with three doves or; Montmorency, or, cross gules, 

 cantoned by sixteen spread-eagles, azure. These spread-eagles, which, as a 

 rule, represent eagles without beak or claws, and which indicate a victory 

 over some foreign foe (Fig. 248), have a special meaning iu the arms of the 

 house of Lorraine. It is said that during a festival given in honour of King 

 Pepin, a quarrel having arisen between the Franks and the Lorrainers, the 

 Duke Begon, who held the post of seneschal, placed himself at the head of 



Fig. 248. Godfrey de Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, King of Jerusalem (1099).-An Arrow trans- 

 fixing three Spread-Eagles. The Motto, taken from Virgil, is, "Dedehilne viam casusve 

 deusvef " The Spread Eagle still forms part of the Arms of the House of Hapsburg- Lorraine. 



the kitchen servants, armed them with spoons, pokers, and fire-dogs, and, 

 seizing for himself a spit upon which several plovers were being roasted, 

 committed a frightful carnage amongst the Franks. It was in memory of 

 this exploit that the plovers, converted into spread-eagles to make it clear 

 that they were upon the spit, took their place in the arms of Lorraine, which 

 looked back with pride upon the fact of the Duke Begon having been one of 

 its early rulers. 



Fish generally represent sea voyages and naval victories. One of the fish 

 oftenest used in the shield is the dolphin (Fig. 249), which even, by means 



