ARCHAEOLOGY 33 



founder of the "Monuments de 1'Art antique" (2 vols., 

 1881-83); and Georges PERROT, a critic of unusual 

 acumen, joint author (with the architect CHIPIEZ) of the 

 comprehensive "Histoire de PArt," the tenth volume of 

 which was published just before his recent death. Other 

 notable scholars in this field were Francois LENORMANT, 

 founder of the " Gazette Archeologique" (1875-89), a 

 voluminous writer in many fields, who was famous no 

 less as an orientalist than as a classical archaeologist, and 

 Henri COHEN, whose great "Description historique des 

 monnaies frappees sous FEmpire romain" (2d ed., 

 8 vols., 1880-92) is an indispensable book to all workers 

 in Roman numismatics. 



The establishment of French rule in Algeria (1830) and 

 in Tunis (1881) threw open to French archaeologists two 

 most interesting districts, which they have explored with 

 great success. A new Pompeii has been laid bare at 

 Timgad. Many of the important Roman sites have 

 been cleared of debris, museums have been established, 

 and knowledge of Roman Africa has been greatly in- 

 creased, under the leadership of GSELL, TOUTAIN, 

 GAUCKLER, SALADIN, and CAGNAT. 



Meanwhile the investigation of the monuments of 

 France itself has been eagerly pursued. Local antiquarian 

 societies have conducted excavations in many places 

 and built up local museums, devoted at first to Gallic 

 and Gallo-Roman antiquities, but later, with the growth 

 of interest in prehistoric monuments, to relics of earlier 

 times as well. In the development of the science of 

 "prehistory," a leading place belongs to Gabriel DE 

 MORTILLET, whose well-known "Prehistorique" (first 

 published in 1883; 3d ed., 1900) was one of the first 

 attempts at a comprehensive treatment of the ages of 

 stone, bronze, and iron. The French government set a 

 brilliant example to all nations in organizing an official 



