PATHOLOGY 203 



laboratory supervision of BORREL, NICOLLE, and others. 

 Completion of satisfactory work in this course leads to a 

 certificate from the Institute (Certificat de presence et 

 d 'etudes). 



Special Research. Opportunities for advanced study 

 of special problems are afforded in the University labora- 

 tories in pathology, hygiene, and also particularly in 

 connection with the various hospitals which are affiliated 

 with the University. It is sufficient comment on the 

 true investigative spirit of the French to note that these 

 opportunities are not listed in their catalogues. They 

 depend on the particular desire of a graduate student 

 to do some definite piece of work, and on the attraction 

 of some particular man's name or personality to decide 

 him where that work shall be done. Graduate study is 

 represented by no definite curriculum and by a reward irf 

 the shape of a diploma in its initial phases only. True 

 graduate study, even in medicine, consists essentially in 

 the personal stimulation of some particular master 

 and the intensive study of some specialty or the inves- 

 tigation of some particular problem. 



The practical aspects of pathological research, in its 

 bearing on clinical diagnosis, are well exemplified in 

 Paris, where many able practitioners are also pathol- 

 ogist s of note. Men like Maurice LETULLE and NATTAN- 

 LARRIER may be mentioned in this connection. 



The opportunities for advanced scientific research in 

 Paris are more specifically available in connection with 

 the Pasteur Institute. This institute is divided into 

 several services which deal in turn with the practical 

 applications in preventive and curative medicine, par- 

 ticularly in relation to the infectious diseases. There 

 is a clinic for the preventive treatment of rabies, under 

 the direction of CHAILLON and VIALA, and a service of 

 serum therapy under the direction of MARTIN with the 



