POLITICAL SCIENCE 295 



franchises," 63 volumes; Bequet's "Repertoire de Droit 

 Administratif," over 30 volumes; and various others. 



Courses of Instruction. Instruction in political 

 science, public law, international law, and economics 

 in the French universities is invariably given in the 

 Faculty of Law, thus indicating a closer connection be- 

 tween those fields and that of law than generally exists 

 in American universities. Of the sixteen universities, 

 all (except those of Besangon and Clermont-Ferrand) 

 maintain such faculties, and therefore offer instruction 

 in the above mentioned subjects. All of the law faculties 

 grant certificates of capacity and the degree of Licence 

 en Droit, and those of Paris, Dijon, Grenoble, Lille, 

 Lyon, and Nancy are empowered to grant the degree of 

 Doctor of Law. The latter degree is of two kinds, de- 

 pending on the nature of the course pursued by the 

 candidate: first, the doctorate in the juridical sciences, 

 and, second, the doctorate in the political and economic 

 sciences. Candidates for the doctor's degree must have 

 taken their Licence in law from a French university or 

 have graduated from an acceptable foreign university. 



Paris. For the study of the subjects with which this 

 chapter deals, the University of Paris, of course, ranks 

 first. Its Faculty of Law numbers between forty and 

 fifty professors, agreges, and charges. It offers a large 

 and varied number of courses, in civil, commercial, and 

 criminal law, Roman law, legal history, constitutional, 

 administrative, and international law (both public and 

 private), political economy, public finance, statistics, 

 industrial and social legislation, comparative legislation 

 and jurisprudence, diplomatic law and history, colonial 

 law and administration, etc. During the year preceding 

 the outbreak of the great war in 1914, more than 8000 

 students about one half the total registration of the 



