INSTITUTIONS, DEGREES, ETC. 411 



Foundation. 1 Any American student presenting one of these di- 

 plomas will be admitted as of course in full standing to any French 

 University. Diplomas from other institutions require special 

 action in each case, but may on the facts of the case be sufficient. 



Interpreted in terms of the equivalences most likely to be 

 sought by students from the United States, this would seem 

 to signify that the degrees and diplomas of Bachelor of 

 Arts, Bachelor of Laws, and Bachelor of Science of approved 

 American colleges and universities will thus admit to candidacy, 

 presumably for the "doctorates lettres," the "doctorat en droit," 

 and the " doctorat es sciences," conferred by the State, and cer- 

 tainly for the three doctor's degrees conferred by the Universities 

 in Law, Science, and Letters. They do not admit to regular en- 

 rollment for the "doctorat en medecine," "pharmacien," and 

 " chirurgien-dentiste " conferred by the 37<z/e;and, for the doctorate 

 conferred by the Universities in Medicine and Pharmacy, no Ameri- 

 can substitute for the French preliminary degrees can be accepted 

 without special permission from the Minister of Public Instruc- 

 tion. , 



Fees. Formerly, whenever an equivalence was established 

 between a French and a foreign degree or diploma, the student 

 benefiting thereby was required to pay all the fees pertaining to 

 the original French degree or diploma for which an equivalence 

 had been granted. Sometimes these fees amounted to as much 

 as twelve hundred francs. By a new decree of the Minister of 

 Public Instruction, dated January 18, 1916, this old requirement 

 is abolished. Foreign students are now required to pay only the 

 fees corresponding to the studies actually undertaken and to the 

 degrees actually obtained. 



Admission to Advanced Standing ("Equivalences de 

 scolarite"). Admission to advanced standing aims at giving such 

 recognition to the studies already completed in a foreign country in 

 any special line of work that foreigners may continue in France 

 the studies which they have begun elsewhere. It may assume 

 the form either of a reduction of the term of residence required, or 

 the privilege of making up all at once as many "inscriptions" as 

 the duration and nature of the studies already completed may 

 warrant, or exemption from certain examinations. 



1 A list of 119 institutions, representing those whose B. A. or B. S. degrees 

 stand highest in grade, was printed in the 1913 Proceedings of the Association 

 of American Universities. 



