PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS 425 



The " agregations " are naturally not open to foreigners, except 

 under very special conditions. No one would likely seek the title 

 who did not desire to enter the teaching profession in France. The 

 only American title which in any respect corresponds to the title 

 of "agrege" is that conferred upon the recipient of a teacher's 

 diploma, respresenting some line of specialization. The right to 

 teach in a certain grade of school attaches to the French as it does 

 to the American degree. 



The "Doctoral de VEtat" is the absolutely required prerequisite 

 for appointment to a professorship in any French university. This 

 applies especially to the degree as conferred in the Sciences and in 

 Letters, and accounts for the fact that these degrees are generally 

 recognized as standing for a higher degree of scholarship than any 

 other similar degrees conferred in other countries to-day. The 

 Doctor's degree in Medicine is absolutely required of every one 

 practicing medicine in French territory. 



It will be apparent that in general function the French doctor's 

 degrees in Lettres, Sciences, and Medecine correspond to our Ph. D., 

 D.Sc., and M.D. respectively. The doctor's degree in Law, 

 on the contrary, is earned on the basis of scholastic work just as 

 are the other doctor's degrees, while with us it has been a purely 

 honorary degree, except for the J.D. recently adopted in some 

 universities, and the D.C.L. still surviving in others. No Amer- 

 ican university, it is believed, confers the doctor's degree especially 

 in Pharmacy. 



General Expenses. It is especially difficult, under the rapidly 

 changing conditions of living in France, to offer any exact estimate 

 of probable expenses. Under normal conditions in recent years, 

 pension in private families or in family hotels in Paris could be 

 obtained for 150 francs a month and up. Pension includes board 

 and lodging, and sometimes service. Lodgings in the Latin Quarter 

 run from about eight dollars a month up. In general, living ex- 

 penses in the provincial towns are considerably less than in Paris. 



A student should scarcely go to France, expecting to defray 

 all his expenses during a year, for less than six hundred dollars. 

 With a thousand dollars a year at his disposal a student should be 

 able to live comfortably. 



All the university fees for matriculation, enrollment, examina- 

 tions, theses, and diplomas have been indicated in Appendix II in 

 direct connection with the discussion of these topics. 



