NOTES ON PARTICULAR TREES 63 



ample quantity of space, and likes a limestone 

 subsoil. Its defect from a financial point of 

 view is that, unless it grows in an easily acces- 

 sible place, the great size makes the cost of 

 haulage extremely high. A butt weighing 

 many tons cannot be hauled out of a hollow or 

 across soft ground without great labour. In 

 such cases the haulage may cost the timber 

 merchant as much as the tree. On damp 

 ground adjoining a road Black Italian Poplar 

 planted 10 or 12 feet apart would be a very 

 remunerative crop. 



Alders, whether they grow naturally by the 

 side of streams or as planted trees on the damp 

 spots in plantations, are a remunerative crop 

 in any district where clogging is practised. 

 They grow fit for the market in twenty-five or 

 thirty years, and occupy ground which other- 

 wise would be worthless. The cost of haulage 

 is slight, therefore they can be sold profitably 

 though growing in a situation where in the case 

 of other trees the cost of haulage would be 

 almost prohibitive. The reason of this ease of 

 haulage is that they are converted near the 

 wood and the setts are stacked and allowed to 

 dry before removal, and thus there is no neces- 

 sity to remove superfluous weight or bulk. 



