XXIV ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



Stamens 6. Perianth adherent to the whole ovary. AMARYLLIDACILS;, 466 



* * Perianth free from the ovary: 



H- Its 6 or rarely 4 divisions similar, not glumaceous, nor furnished with glumaceous bracts. 

 Anthers turned inwards. 



Stamens 3, or when more unlike or sterile. Style 1. PONTEDERIACEJ3, 488 



Stamens 6, rarely 6 or 7. Styles 2 - 3, separate. Flowers dioecious. SMILACE.ffi, 461 



Stamens 6, rarely 4. Styles united into one. LILIACEJS, 465 



Anthers turned outwards (except Tofieldia). 



Seeds with albumen. Leaves grass-like or with a proper blade MELANTHACEJE, 472 



Seeds without albumen. Leaves rush-like, without a blade. JUNCAGINE^E, 436 



- -i- Its 6 divisions similar and glumaceous (except Narthecium). JUNCACE^l, 479 



+- *~ -i- Its divisions of two kinds, viz. 3 herbaceous or membranaceeus sepals and 3 colored 



petals ; not furnished with glumaceous bracts. 



Pistils numerous, distinct. Stamens from 6 to many. ALISMACE^I, 436 



Pistil (ovary) one, 3-celled, many - several-seeded. 



Styles 1. Thick or scurfy-leaved epiphytes. BROMELIACEJS, 458 



Styles or sessile stigmas 3. Leaves whorled. TRILLIACHSl, 461 



Pistil (ovary) one, 2 - 3-celled ; the cells 1 - 2-seeded. COMMELYNACE^, 485 



Pistil 1 : ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentae. XYRIDACE^l, 487 



- i- - H- Its divisions of two kinds, or the inner (corolla) rarely wanting; the outer (calyx) 



mostly glumaceous or chaffy ; the flowers also furnished with glumaceous or chaffy bracts. 



Rush-like herbs : flowers in dense heads. 



Pod 1-celled, many-seeded, with 3 parietal placentae. XYRIDACILE, 487 



Pod 2 - 3-celled, 2 - 3-seeded. ERIOCAULONACE^E, 488 



C. Flowers destitute of any proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but cov- 

 ered by glumes, i. e. husk-like or scale-like bracts. 



Glume a single scale-like bract with a flower hi its axil. CYPERACE^S, 490 



Glumes in pairs, of two sorts. GR AMINES, -686 



SERIES II. CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS 



PLANTS: those destitute of stamens and pistils, in fructification 

 producing spores instead of seeds. 



CLASS HI. ACROGENOUS PLANTS. 



Plants with a stem containing woody tissue and vessels, as does the foliage 

 when there is any (in the form of veins). 



Fructification borne on the leaves (fronds), commonly on their backs or margins. FILICES, 68T 

 Fructification of several spore-cases borne on the under side of the shield-shaped stalked 

 scales of a terminal spike or cone. Leaves none, except a whorl of teeth at each 

 joint of the stem. EQUISETACILE, 586 



Fructification of spore-cases in the axil of small simple leaves or bracts. LYCOPODIACE^!, 602 

 Fructification at the base of leaves or naked branches. Aquatics. HYDROPTERIDES, 605 



CLASS IV. ANOPHYTES. (MOSSES.) 



Plants consisting of cellular tissue only, with stem and foliage distinct, 

 or sometimes the two confluent into a foliaceous body (frond). 



Spore-cases mostly opening by a lid. Leaves distinct. MUSCI, 607 



gpore-cases not opening by a lid. Leaves distinct or confluent itito a frond. UEPATIOJE, 688 



