44 VIOLACEJE. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky ; rare. June, July. Spur ' long. An- 

 ther-spurs also very long. 



13. V. Miiltlenbergii, Torr. (AMERICAN DOG VIOLET.) Stems 

 ascending (3' -7' long), at length with creeping branches; leaves round-heart- 

 shaped, 'or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost slightly pointed; 

 stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur cylindrical, about half the length of the 

 pale violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. Shaded wet 

 places ; common. May, June. 



14. V. striata, Ait. (PALE VIOLET.) Stems angular, ascending, 

 branching ( 6' -10' high) ; leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; sti- 

 pules oblong-lanceolate, large, strongly fringe-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter 

 than the cream-colored petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with 

 purplish lines ; stigma beaked. Low grounds ; common, especially westward. 

 April -Oct. 



15. V. Canadensis, L. (CANADA VIOLET.) Upright (1- 2 high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white 

 or whitish inside, the upper ones tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded ; 

 spur very short; stigma beakless, hairy on each side. Rich woods; common 

 northward and along the Alleghanies. May - Aug. 



- - Stems mostly simple, erect, naked below, and 2 - 4-leaved above : stipules nearly 

 entire : flowers yellow : stigma not beaked, but bearded on each side. 



16. V. piibescens, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET.) Softly pubes- 

 cent (6' - 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed ; 

 stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur extremely short ; lower petals 

 veined with purple. Woods ; common. May - Aug. 



Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, l-2 high; pods wool- 

 ly. (V. eriocarpa, Schwein.} Common westward. 



Var. scabriuscula, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and greener, slightly 

 pubescent; stems often decumbent (4' -10' high). Khode Island to Ohio and 

 Kentucky. 



17. V. Imstata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED VIOLET.) Nearly gla 

 brous, slender (4' -10' high); stem-leaves halberd-shaped, slightly serrate, acute; 

 stipules ovate, small; spur very short. Mountains of Pennsylvania and south- 

 ward. June. 



# *= * Leafy-stemmed annuals or biennials : the 4 upper petals ascending. 



18. T. TRICOLOR, L. (PANSY. HEART'S-EASE.) Stem angled and 

 branched ; leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, cre- 

 nate or entire ; stipules very large and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals vari- 

 able in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and purple) ; in var. 

 ARTENSIS shorter or rather longer than the calyx. Dry or sandy soil, New 

 York to Kentucky and southward : doubtless only a small state of the Garden 

 Pansy run wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



V. ODORATA, the SWEET VIOLET of Europe, which far excels all the Amer 

 ican species in fragrance, sometimes grows spontaneously near dwellings. 



