142 SAXIFRAGACE^E. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.) 



- 1- Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the calyx, namely 8 or 10. 



6. MITELLA. Calyx partly cohering with the depressed ovary. Petals small, pinnatifld. 



7. TIARELLA. Calyx nearly free from the slender ovary. Petals entire. 



8. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary. Petals none. 



SUBORDER IT. ESCALLONIE^E. THE ESCALLONIA FAMILY. 



Shrubs, with alternate simple leaves and no stipules. Petals usually 

 valvate in the bud. 



9. ITEA. Calyx free from the 2-celled ovary. Pod many-seeded. Stamens 5. 



SUBORDER ILL HYDRANGIE^. THE HYDRANGEA FAMILY. 



Shrubs, with opposite simple leaves and no stipules. 



10. HYDRANGEA. Calyx 4-5-toothed, the tube adherent to the imperfectly 2-celled ovary. 



Petals valvate in the bud. Stamens 8 or 10. Styles 2, diverging. 



11. PHILADELPHUS Calyx 4 - 5-parted ; the tube adhering to the 3 - 5-celled ovary. Pet- 



als convolute in the bud. Stamens 20 - 40. Styles united below. 



SUBORDER I. SAXIFRAGACEJE. TRUE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 



1. ASTILBE, Don. FALSE GOATSBEARD. 



Flowers diceciously polygamous. Calyx 4 -5-parted, small. Petals 4-5, 

 spatulate, small, withering-persistent. Stamens 8 or 10. Ovary 2-cclled, almost 

 free, many ovuled : styles 2, short. Pod 2-celled, separating into 2 follicles, 

 each ripening few seeds. Seed-coat loose and thin, tapering at each end. 

 Perennial herbs, with twice or thrice ternately compound ample leaves, cut-lobed 

 and toothed leaflets, and small white or yellowish flowers in spikes or racemes, 

 which are disposed in a compound panicle. (Name composed of d privative and 

 <rriA/37, a bright surface, because the foliage is not shining.) 



1. A. dectimlra, Don. Somewhat pubescent ; leaflets mostly heart- 

 shaped; petals minute or wanting in the fertile flowers; stamens 10. Rich 

 woods, Alleghanies of S. W. Virginia and southward. July. Plant imitating 

 Spiraea Aruncus, but coarser, 3 - 5 high. 



2. SAXIFRAGA, L. SAXIFRAGE. 



Calyx free from, or cohering with, the base of the ovary, 5-cleft or parted 

 Petals 5, entire, commonly deciduous. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Pod 2-beaked, 

 2-celled, opening down or between the beaks ; or sometimes 2 almost separate 

 follicles. Seeds numerous, with a close coat. Chiefly perennial herbs, with 

 the root-leaves clustered, those of the stem mostly alternate. (Name from 

 saxum, a rock, tmdfrango, to break ; many species rooting in the clefts of rocks.) 

 * Stems prostrate, leafy : leaves opposite : calyx free from the pod. 



1. S. opposHifolia, L. (MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE.) Leaves thick 

 and fleshy, ovate, keeled, ciliate, imbricated on the sterile branches (l"-2" 

 long) ; flowers solitary, large ; petals purple, obovate, much longer than the 

 5-cleft free calyx. Rocks, Willoughby Mountain, Vermont ( Wood], and north- 

 ward. (Eu.j 



