172 RUBIACE^:. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



1. D. Virginica, L. Either smooth or hairy; stems spreading (I 7 -* 

 long) ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers 1 - 3 in each axil ; 

 corolla white (' long), the slender tube abruptly expanded into the large limb; style 

 2-parted; fruit oblong, strongly furrowed, crowned mostly with 2 slender calyx- 

 teeth, ty Kivcr-banks, Virginia and southward. May -Oct. 



2. D. teres, Walt. Hairy or minutely pubescent ; stem spreading (3'- 9> 

 long), nearly terete ; leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, rigid; flowers 1-3 

 in each axil; corotta funnel-form (2" -3" long, whitish), with short lobes, not 

 exceeding the long bristles of the stipules; style undivided ; fruit obovate-turbi- 

 nate, not furrowed, crowned with 4 short calyx-teeth. Sandy fields, from 

 New Jersey and Illinois southward. Aug. 



4. CEPHAL,ANTHUS, L. BUTTON-BUSH. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4- 

 toothed ; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2 - 4-celled, 

 separating from the base upward into 2-4 closed 1 -seeded portions. Shrubs, 

 with the flowers densely aggregated in spherical peduncled heads. Flowers 

 white. (Name composed of Ke^oX^, a head, and cu/#os, a flower.} 



1. C occidentalis, L. Smooth or pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate- 

 oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short intervening stipules. 

 Wet places ; common. July - Aug. 



5. MIT 11 EL, LA, L. PAKTRIDGE-BEKKY. 



Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun- 

 nel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 : stigmas 4. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, each containing 4 small and 

 seed-like bony nutlets. A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with 

 round-ovate and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers 

 often tinged with purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) dry berries, 

 which remain over winter. Parts of the flower occasionally in threes, fives, or 

 sixes. (This very pretty plant commemorates Dr. John Mitchell, an early cor- 

 respondent of Linnaeus, and an excellent botanist, who resided in Virginia.) 



1. M. repens, L. Dry woods, creeping about the foot of trees: com- 

 mon. June, July. Leaves often variegated with whitish lines. 



6. OL.DENL.ANDIA, Plum., L. BLUETS. 



Calyx 4- (rarely 5-) lobed, persistent. Corolla funnel-form, salver-form, or 

 nearly wheel-shaped; the limb 4- (rarely 5-) parted, imbricated in the bud. 

 Stamens 4 (rarely 5). Style 1 or none: stigmas 2. Pod globular, ovoid, or 

 obcordate, above often free and rising above the calyx, 2-celled, many-seeded, 

 opening loculicidally across the summit. Seeds concave on the inner face. 

 Low herbs, with small stipules united to the petioles. Flowers white, purple, or 

 blue. (Dedicated, in 1703, to the memory of Oldenland, a German physician 



