COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 179 



f- - Receptacle chaffy. 



BayB neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile 

 Receptacle elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none. . No. 51 



Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally if at all. . .86-40. 



Receptacle flat. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff. . 41, 42, 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achenia much flattened laterally, 1-2-awned . . 43. 



Acheuia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 53. 



Acheuia 3 - 4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 52. 



Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achenia obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup. 82. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 35. 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. 33, 34. 



Bays pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chaffy 25-28. 



Systematic Synopsis. 



TBIBB I. VERNONI ACE.E. Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly- 

 hairy all over. Leaves alternate or scattered. 



1. VERNONIA. Heads several -many-flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 



pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS. Heads 3-5-flowered, crowded into a compound head. Involucre of 



8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 



TEIBE II. EUP ATORIACE.^. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular ; or in a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, flattish, uniformly minutely pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



Subtribe 1. EUPATORIE.B. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



* Pappus a row of hard scales. 



8. SCLEROLEPIS. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whorled. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4. LIATRIS. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate. Corol- 



las red-purple, 5-lobed. 



5. KUHNIA. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corollas 



whitish, 5-toothed. 



6. EUPATORIUM. Acheuia 5-angled. Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the invo- 



lucre many or several. Receptacle of the flowers flat. 



7. MIKANIA. Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4. 



8. CONOCLINIUM. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtribe 2. TUSSILAGINEJE. Flowers (sometimes yellow) more or less monoecious or dioecious, 



at least of 2 sorts in the same head. 

 * Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless. 



9. NARDOSMIA. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioecious. Pappus capillary. 



10. TUSSILAGO. Head single ; the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillarv. 



* * Flowers all tubular. Stem leafy. 



11. ADENOCAULON. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none. 



TJUBE III. A STEROIDE jE. Heads discoid, with the fiowers all alike and tubular ; or 

 radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Branches of the style in the peBtect flow 



