COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 185 



# * # Pappus not plumose to the naked eye: corolla smooth inside. 



4. L.. scariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2 -5 high), pubescent or hoary ; 

 leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate; the lowest oblong-lanceolate or 

 obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole ; heads few or many, large, 30 - 40-flowered ; 

 scales of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry 

 and scarious often colored tips or margins. Dry sandy soil, New England to 

 Wisconsin, and southward. A widely variable species: heads 1' or less in 

 diameter. 



5. Lr. pilosa, Willd. Beset with long scattered hairs ; stem stout; leaves 

 linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated; heads few, 10-15-flowered; scales of the 

 top-shaped or bell-shaped involucre slightly margined, the outer narrowly oblong, very 

 obtuse, the innermost linear. Mountains of Virginia and southward. Rare and 

 obscure. Perhaps a remarkable state of L. spicata ; but the flowers themselves 

 as large as in No. 4. 



6. Li. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy 

 (2- 5 high) ; leaves linear, the lower 3 - 5-nerved ; heads 8-12 flowered ( J' - 

 ' long), crowded in a long spike; scales of the cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, appressed, with slight margins; achenia pubescent or smoothish. 



Moist grounds, common from S. New York southward and westward. 

 Involucre somewhat resinous, very smooth. 



7. It. graminifdlia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish; stem (l-3high) 

 glender, leafy; leaves linear, elongated, 1 -nerved; heads several or numerous, 

 in a spike or raceme, 7-12-flowered; scales of the obconical or obovoid involucre 

 gpatulate or oblong, obtuse or somewhat pointed, rigid, appressed ; achenia hairy. 

 Virginia and southward. Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in 



Var. dubia. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often 

 ciliate. (L. dubia, Barton.) Wet pine barrens, New Jersey and southward. 



8. I,, pycnostacliya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish : stem stout (3 -5 

 high), very leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear ; spike 

 very thick and dense (6' - 20' long) ; heads about 5-flowered (' long) ; scales of the 

 cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips. 

 Prairies, from Illinois southward and westward. 



$ 2. Stem simple or branched above, not from a tuber : heads small, corymbed or pan- 

 icled, 4-lQ-jlowered: involucre little imbricated: lobes of the corolla ovate: pappus 

 not plumose. 



9. ,. odoratissima, Willd. (VANILLA-PLANT.) Very smooth; leaves 

 pale, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping ; heads corymbed. 



Low pine barrens, Virginia and southward. Leaves exhaling the odor of 

 Vanilla when bruised. 



10. !L. panicillata, Willd. Viscid-hairy; leaves narrowly oblong or 

 lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, heads panicled. Vir- 

 ginia and southward. 



CARPH^PHOKUS, Cass., differs from Liatris in having some chaff among th 

 flowers ; and 0. TOMJSNT6sus perhaps grows in S. Virginia. 

 16* 



