204 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.; 



brackish swamps, with thinner and elongated linear-lanceolate leaves, tupering 

 to each end, with more erect racemes in a narrower panicle. Salt marshes, or 

 rocks on the shore, Maine to Virginia. Heads showy: the golden rays* 8-10. 

 *- - Leaves usually ample, serrate, loosely feather-veined, or rarely slightly triple- 

 nerved; heads middle-sized. 



16. S. Clliptica, Ait. Smooth; stem stout (l-3 high), very leafy; 

 leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, acute (2' -3' long), closely sessile, slightly 

 serrate, strongly veined, thick, smooth both sides, shining above; heads in dense 

 spreading racemes which are crowded in a close pyramidal panicle ; peduncles and 

 achenia strigose-pubescent. Swamps (fresh or brackish) near the coast, New 

 Jersey, Carey. Rhode Island, Olney. Sept., Oct. Heads showy, 3" long ; the 

 rays 8 -12. 



17. S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray. Smooth; stem stout (2 -3 high); 

 leaves thickish, smooth both sides, opaque ; tlie upper oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute 

 and nearly entire ; the lower ovate-lanceolate or oblong, sharply serrate, tapering 

 into a petiole ; racemes short and dense, at length spreading, disposed in an elon- 

 gated or pyramidal close panicle ; peduncles and achenia nearly glabrous. 

 Swamps, Maine to Penn. and Wisconsin. Heads rather large, crowded ; the 

 racemes at first erect and scarcely one-sided. 



18. S. patilla, Muhl. Stem strongly angled, smooth (3 -5 high); leaves 

 (4' -8' long) ovate, acute, serrate, pale, very smooth and veiny underneath, but the 

 upper surface very rough, like shagreen ; racemes rather short and numerous on 

 the spreading branches. Swamps ; common. 



19. S. arguta, Ait. Smooth throughout (1- 4 high); radical and lower 

 stem-leaves elliptical or lanceolate-oval, sharply serrate with spreading teeth, pointed, 

 tapering into winged and ciliate petioles ; the others lanceolate or oblong, slightly 

 triple-nerved, tapering to each end, the uppermost entire ; racemes dense, naked, at 

 length elongated and recurved, forming a crowded and Jlat corymb-like panicle; rays 

 8-12, small. Var. 1. JUNCEA has the leaves narrower and less serrate, or 

 all the upper entire. Var. 2. SCABRELLA is somewhat roughish -pubescent 

 (Wisconsin, &c.). Copses and banks, common, especially the first variety. 

 Well distinguished by its long or drooping racemes, and the closely appressed 

 rigid scales of the involucre, small rays, &c. But the name is a bad one, as 

 even the root-leaves are seldom very sharply toothed. 



20. S. Mllhlenbergii, Torr. & Gr. Smooth; stem angled; leaves (large 

 and thin) ovate, and the upper elliptical-lanceolate, very sharply and strongly ser- 

 rate, pointed at both ends, the lowest on margined petioles ; racemes pubescent, 

 spreading, disposed in an elongated open panicle ; rays 6-7, large. Copses and 

 moist woods, N. Hapshire to Penn. Racemes much shorter and looser than 

 in the last ; the involucral scales thin and more slender. 



21. S. lilioides, Solander. Smooth; stem slender, simple (10' -20' high); 

 leaves lanceolate, serrate with small appressed teeth, narrowed at the base, the 

 lower tapering into margined ciliate petioles, the uppermost oblong ; raceme* 

 short, crowded in one or 3-4 small me-sided panicles (3' -4' long) ; heads small 

 and few-flowered; rays 1-3. Bogs, New England (near Boston and Provi- 

 dence), to the pine barrens of New Jersey. 



