COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 223 



rather convex, the chaff concave. Achenia flat (compressed laterally), winged 

 or wingless, 2-awned. Perennial herbs; the toothed or lobed leaves decurrent 

 on the stem. ("Name altered from Verbena.") 



1. V. Siegesbcckia, Michx. Stem tall, 4-winged ; leaves opposite, ovate, 

 triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, often pubescent beneath (large and 

 thin) ; heads in compound corymbs ; flowers yellow; rays 1-5, lanceolate; ache- 

 nia wingless. Rich soil, W. Penn. to Illinois', and southward. July. 



2. V. Virginica, L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, downy- 

 pubescent, like the lower surface of the ovate-lanceolate feather- veined alternate leaves; 

 heads in compound corymbs ; flowers white ; rays 3-4, oval ; achenia narrowly 

 winged. Dry soil, Pennsylvania ? Illinois, and southward. Aug. 



44. DYSODIA, Cav. FETID MARIGOLD. 



Heads many-flowered, usually radiate ; the rays pistillate. Involucre of one 

 row of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets. Recep- 

 tacle flat, not chafly, but beset with short chaffy bristles. Achenia slender, 4- 

 angled. Pappus a row of chafly scales dissected into numerous rough bristles. 

 Herbs, dotted with large pellucid glands, which give a strong odor ; the heads 

 terminating the branches : flowers yellow. (Name SucrcoSia, an ill smell, which 

 the plants possess.) 



1. I>. chrysantliemoldes, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched 

 (6' -18' high); leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly- 

 toothed or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre. Alluvial 

 banks of rivers, from Illinois southward. Aug. - Oct. 



TAGETES PATULA, L., the FRENCH MARIGOLD of the gardens, belongs to 

 the same group as the foregoing. 



45. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her. HYMENOPAPPUS. 



Heads many -flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the in- 

 volucre 6-12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part petal-like (usually white). 

 Receptacle small, naked. Corolla with large revolute lobes. Achenia top- 

 shaped, with a slender base, striate. Pappus of 15-20 small and blunt scales 

 in a single row, very thin (whence the name of the genus, from vprjv, membrane, 

 and iraTnrvs, pappus). Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dis- 

 sected leaves, and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers. 



1. H. scabios&lis, L'Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young 

 (l-3 high) ; leaves 1 -2-pinnately parted into linear or oblong lobes ; scales 

 of the involucre roundish, nearly all whitish. Sandy barrens, Illinois and 

 southward. May, June. 



46. HELENIUM, L. FALSE SUNFLOWER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the spreading wedge-shaped rays several, 3 - 

 5-cleft at the summit, fertile. Involucre small, reflexed, the scales linear or awl- 

 shaped. Receptacle globose or oblong, naked. Achenia top-shaped, ribbed 

 Pappus of 5 - 8 thin and 1-nerved chaffy scales, the nerve extended into a bristle 



