CONVOLVULACE^E. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.) 837 



spreading or reflexed lobes ; stamens much shorter than the lobes of the corolla ; 

 scales ovate, fimbriate, converging and often exceeding the tube ; pod globose, 

 thin, yellowish. ( C. pentagona, Engdm. ) In fields, prairies, and barrens, from 

 Virginia southward and westward to Illinois and Missouri ; on smaller herbs, 

 and flowering (in June and July) earlier than any other of our species. Stems 

 low, scarcely over a foot high ; flowers smaller than in any of our species, and 

 quite variable : when with a large 5-angled calyx it is C. pentagona (Virginia) : 

 with a small one, it is var. mierocalyx (Illinois) : with a large and hemispheri- 

 cal one, var. calyclna (Texas) : with a fleshy verrucose calyx, it is C. verrucdsa, 

 Engdm. (Texas). 



5. C. clilorocarpa, Engelm. Low, orange-colored ; flowers mostly 4 

 cleft, short-pedicelled, in scattered clusters ; corolla open bell-shaped, the tube 

 nearly the length of the acute lobes and calyx-teeth ; stamens as long as the 

 lobes ; scales small, appressed, incised ; the thick styles as long as the large 

 depressed ovary; pod depressed, thin, yellowish. (C. Polygonorum, Engdm.) 

 Low grounds onPolygonum and other herbs, in the Western States. Flow- 

 ers much larger than in any of the preceding species ; the ovary usually pro- 

 truding from the tube of the corolla* 



6. C. Oroiiovii, Willd. Stems coarse, climbing high ; flowers mostly 

 5-cleft, peduncled, in close or mostly open paniculate cymes ; corolla bell-shaped, 

 the tube longer than (or sometimes only as long as) the ovate obtuse entire 

 spreading lobes; scales large, converging, copiously fringed, confluent at the 

 base ; pod globose, urnbonate, brown. (C. Americina, Pursh, &c. C. vulgivaga, 

 Engelm. C. umbrosa, Terr.) Low, damp grounds, especially in shady places; 

 everywhere common both east and west, and the only species northward and east- 

 ward : chiefly on coarser herbs, also on Rubus, Cephalanthus, and other shrubs. 

 Aug. - Oct. The close-flowered forms occur in the Northeastern States ; the 

 loosely-flowered ones Westward and southward ; a form with 4-parted flowers 

 was collected in Connecticut. C. Saurian, Engdm., is a form with more open 

 flowers, of a finer texture, in the Mississippi valley. 



7. C. rostrata, Shuttle worth. Stems coarse, climbing high ; flowers 

 (large) 5-parted, peduncled, in umbel-like cymes ; corolla deep bell-shaped, the 

 tube twice as long as the ovate obtuse teeth of the calyx and its ovate obtuse 

 entire spreading lobes ; the large scales fimbriate, confluent at the base ; styles 

 slender, as long as the acute ovary ; the large pod pointed. Shady moist val- 

 leys of the Alleghanies, from Maryland and Virginia southward ; on tall herbs, 

 rarely on shrubs. The flowers (2" -3" long) and fruit larger than in any other 

 of our species. 



# # Flowers sessile in compact and mostly continuous clusters : calyx of 5 separate 

 sepals surrounded by numerous similar bracts ; remains of the corolla borne on the 

 top of the globose somewhat pointed pod. (Lepidanche, Engdm. ) 



8. C. COmpacta, Juss. Stems coarse; bracts (3 - 5) and sepals orbicular, 

 concave, slightly crenate, appressed, nearly equaling or much shorter than the cy- 

 lindrical tube of the corolla ; stamens shorter than the oblong obtuse spreading 

 lobes of the latter ; scales pinnatifid-fringed, convergent, confluent at the base. 

 C. coronata, Beyrich., (C. compacta, Choisy,) is the Eastern and Southern form 



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