346 GENTIANACE^E. (GENTIAN FAMILY.) 



3. PNEUMONANTHE, Necker. Corolla bell-shaped or obconical, 5-ldbed, 

 with plaited folds which project into appendages in the sinuses : anthers erect, t fixed 

 by the deep sagittate base, extrorse, often converging or cohering with each other in a 

 ring or tube, stalked: seeds commonly winged: perennials. 

 # Flowers nearly sessile, clustered, rarely solitary, 2-bracteolate. 



- Anthers entirely separate : seeds wingless. 



4. G. oclirolcuca, Froel. (YELLOWISH- WHITE GENTIAN.) Stems 

 ascending, mostly smooth ; the flowers in a dense terminal cluster and often also 

 in axillary clusters ; leaves obovate-oblong, the lowest broadly obovate and obtuse, 

 the uppermost somewhat lanceolate, all narrowed at the base; calyx-lobes linear, 

 unequal, much longer than its tube, rather shorter than the greenish-white open co- 

 rolla, which is painted inside with green veins and lilac-purple stripes ; its lobes 

 ovate, very much exceeding the small and sparingly toothed oblique appendages ; 

 pod included in the persistent corolla. Dry grounds, S. Penn. (rare) to Vir 

 ginia, and common southward. Sept., Oct. 



H- -t Anthers cohering with each other more or less firmly : seeds winged. 



5. G. rtllm, Muhl. Cat. ! (WHITISH GENTIAN.) Stems upright, stout, 

 very smooth ; flowers closely sessile and much crowded in a dense terminal clus- 

 ter, and sometimes also clustered in the upper axils ; leaves ovate-lanceolate from 

 a heart-shaped closely clasping base, gradually tapering to a point ; calvx-lobes 

 ovate, shorter than the top-shaped tube, and many times shorter than the tube of 

 the corolla, reflexed-spreading ; corolla white more or less tinged with greenish or 

 yellowish, inflated-club-shaped, at length open, its short and broad ovate lobes nearly 

 twice the length of the toothed appendages ; pod nearly included ; seeds broadly 

 winged. (G. flavida, Gray, in Sill. Jour. G. ochroleuca, Sims., Darlingt., Griseb. 

 in part, &c.) Glades and low grounds, S. W. New York to Virginia along the 

 Alleghanies, and west to Illinois, Wisconsin, &c. July - Sept. 



6. G. Andre WSii, Griseb. (CLOSED GENTIAN.) Stems upright, 

 smooth ; flowers closely sessile in terminal and upper axillary clusters ; leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate from a narrower base, gradually pointed, rough-mar- 

 gined ; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, recurved, shorter than the top-shaped tube, 

 and much shorter than the inflated club-shaped blue corolla, which is closed at the 

 mouth, its proper lobes obliterated, the apparent lobes consisting of the broad fringe- 

 toothed and notched appendages ; pod finally projecting out of the persistent 

 corolla; seeds broadly winged. (G. Saponaria, Froel., frc., not of L.) Moist 

 rich soil; common, especially northward. Sept. Corolla 1' or more long, 

 blue fading to purplish, striped inside ; the folds whitish. 



7. G. Sapoiiiti'isi, L. (SOAPWORT GENTIAN.) Stem erect or ascend- 

 ing, smooth ; the flowers clustered at the summit and more or less so in the ax- 

 ils ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate-obovate, with rough margins, nar- 

 rowed at the base ; calyx-lobes linear or spatulate, acute, equalling or exceed- 

 ing the tube, half the length of the corolla ; lobes of the club-bell-shaped light-blue 

 corolla obtuse, erect or converging, short and broad, but distinct, and more or less longer 

 than the conspicuous 2-cleft and minutely toothed appendages ; seeds acute, narrowly 

 winged. (G. Catesbaei, Walt.) Moist woods, S. Penn. ? Maryland, to Virginia, 

 Kentucky, and southward, principally in the Alleghanies. Aug., Sept. 



