AMARANTACE.E. (AMARANTH FAMILY.) 367 



I 



9. SAL SOL. A, L. SALTWORT. 



9 



Flowers perfect, with 2 bractlets. Calyx 5-parted, persistent and enclosing 

 the depressed fruit in its base ; its divisions at length horizontally winged on the 

 back, the wings forming a broad and circular scarious border. Stamens mostly 

 5. Styles 2. Seed horizontal, without albumen, filled by the embryo, which is 

 coiled in a conical spiral (cochleate). Herbs, or slightly shrubby branching 

 plants, of the sea-shore, with fleshy and rather terete or awl-shaped leaves, often 

 spiny-tipped, and sessile axillary flowers. (Name from sal, salt ; in allusion to 

 the alkaline salts these plants copiously contain.) 



1. S. Kali, L. (COMMON SALTWORT.) Annual, diffusely branching, 

 rough or smoothish ; leaves alternate, awl-shaped, prickly-pointed ; flowers sin- 

 gle ; calyx with the converging lobes forming a sort of beak over the fruit, the 

 large rose or flesh-colored wings nearly orbicular and spreading. Sandy sea 

 shore; common. August. A very prickly bush-like plant. (Eu.) 



BETA VULGARIS, the BEET, with its varieties, the Scarcity and Mangel Wurt- 

 zd, and SPINACIA OLERA.CEA, the SPINACH, well-known esculent plants, 

 also belong to this family. 



ORDER 91. AMARANTACE^E. (AMARANTH FAMILY.) 



Weedy herbs, with nearly the characters of the last family ', but the flowers 

 mostly imbricated with dry and scarious persistent bracts, often colored, comr 

 nwnly 3 in number; the one-celled ovary many-ovuled in one tribe. (The 

 greater part of the order tropical, but several have found their way north- 

 ward as weeds.) 



Synopsis. 



TRIBE I. ACHYRANTHE JE. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-ovuled. Utricle 1-seeded. 



* Flowers monoecious or sometimes perfect 

 J. AMARANTUS Calyx of 5 or 3 sepals, and 3-bracted Fruit opening transversely (cir- 



cumcissile) ; the upper part falling away. 

 2. EUXOLUS. Calyx mostly of 3 sepals Fruit in dehiscent or bursting irregularly. 



* * Flowers dioecious : calyx none in the fertile flowers. 

 8. MONTELIA. Fruit a thin and even utricle, opening transversely, as in No. 1. Stigmas 



long, plumose-hairy. 

 4. ACNIDA. Fruit 3 - 6-angled and fleshy, indehiscent. 



TEIBE H. GOMPHRENE JE. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary and fruit as in Tribe I 

 6. IRESINE. Calyx of 5 sepals. Stamens united below into a cup. 

 6. FRCELICHIA. Calyx 6-cleft at the apex. Filaments united throughout into a tube. 



1. AMARANTUS, Toura. AMARANTH. 



Flowers monceciously polygamous, 3-bracted. Calyx of 5, or rarely 3, equal 

 erect sepals, glabrous. Stamens 5, rarely 3, separate : anthers 2-celled. Stig- 

 mas 2 or 3. Fruit an ovoid 1-seeded membranaceous utricle, 2-3-beaked at 

 the anex, mostlv longer than the calyx, opening transversely all round, the 



