JUGLANDACE^E. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 401 



pyramidal ovaries mixed with little scales. Style rather lateral, awl-shaped, or 

 thread-like, simple. Nutlets coriaceous, small, tawny-hairy below, containing a 

 single orthotropous pendulous seed. Embryo in the axis of thin albumen. 

 (The ancient name, from nXarus, broad, in allusion to the ample shade of it* 

 foliage.) 



1. P. occidental!*, L. (AMERICAN PLANE or SYCAMORE.) Leaves 

 angularly sinuate-lobed or toothed, the short lobes sharp-pointed ; fertile heads 

 solitary, suspended on a long peduncle. Alluvial river-banks; very common, 

 especially westward. May. A very large and well-known tree, with a white 

 bark separating early in thin brittle plates. 



ORDER 106. JUGLANDACE^E. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, without stipules; the sterile flowers in 

 catkins (aments) with an irregular calyx ; the fertile solitary or in small clus- 

 ters, with a regular 3 - 5-lobed calyx adherent to the incompletely 2 - ^-celled 

 but only l-ovuled ovary. Fruit a kind of dry drupe, with a bony endocarp 

 (nut-shell), containing a large k-lobed orthotropous seed. Albumen none. 

 Cotyledons fleshy and oily, sinuous, 2-lobed : radicle short, superior. Pet- 

 als sometimes present in the fertile flowers. A small family of important 

 trees, consisting chiefly of the two following genera. 



1. jiJOJLAIVS, L. WALNUT. 



Sterile flowers in long and simple lateral catkins ; the calyx adherent to the 

 entire bracts or scales, unequally 3-6-cleft. Stamens 8-40: filaments very 

 short. Fertile flowers solitary or several together on a peduncle at the end of 

 the branches, with a 4-toothed calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. 

 Styles 2, very short : stigmas 2, somewhat club-shaped and fringed. Fruit with 

 a fibrous-fleshy indehiscent epicarp, and a mostly rough irregularly furrowed 

 endocarp or nut-shell. Trees with strong-scented or resinous-aromatic bark, 

 &c., nearly naked buds (3 or 4 superposed, and the uppermost far above the 

 axil), and odd-pinnate leaves of many serrate leaflets. Pith in plates. (Name 

 contracted from Jovis glans, the nut of Jupiter.) 



1. J. cinerea, L. (BUTTERNUT.) Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 

 rounded at the base, downy, especially underneath, the petioles and branchlets 

 downy with clammy hairs ; fruit oblong, clammy, pointed, the nut deeply sculptured 

 and rough with ragged ridges. Rich woods; common. May: fruit ripe in 

 Sept. Tree 30 - 50 high, with gray bark and widely spreading branches; 

 wood lighter-colored than in the next. 



2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at the base, smooth above, the lower 

 surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly dotted, the nut 

 corrugatfrl. Rich woods; rare in the Eastern, very common in the Western 

 States. May : fruit ripe in Oct. A large and handsome tree, with brown bark, 

 and valuable purplish-brown wood turning blackish with age. Seed sweet, more 



34* 



