406 CUPULIFEE^i. (OAK FAMILY.) 



* * * Leaves deciduous, but rather coriaceous, mostly dilated upwards and obscurelj 

 lobed or entire in the same individual, sometimes more conspicuously lobed, often more 

 or less bristle-pointed at the summit and extremities of some of the larger veins. 



11. Q. aqudtica, Catesby. (WATER-OAK.) Leaves glabrous and shin- 

 ing, obovate-spatulate or narrowly wedge-form, with a long tapering base, varying to 

 oblanceolate ; cup saucer-shaped or hemispherical, of fine and close scales, much 

 shorter than the globular acorn. Wet grounds, around ponds, &c., Maryland 

 to Virginia and southward. Tree 30 -40 high. Acorn ' long; the cup of 

 the same width. 



12. Cfc. nigra, L. (BLACK-JACK or BARREN OAK.) Leaves broadly wedge- 

 shaped, but mostly rounded or obscurely cordate at the base, widely dilated and 

 somewhat 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed) at the summit, occasionally with one or two 

 lateral lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, shining above, large (4'- 9' long) ; 

 cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly, covering half of the short ovoid acorn. (Q. ferru- 

 ginea, Michx.) Dry sandy barrens, from Long Island, New York, to Illinois, 

 and southward. Tree 8 - 25 high. Acorn ' - ' long. Leaves occasion- 

 ally rather deeply lobed, the lobes strongly bristle-pointed. Under the name 

 of Q. TRIDENTATA, Dr. Engelmann distinguishes a remarkable Oak, apparently 

 a hybrid between this and Q. imbricaria. Under this section the following re- 

 markable forms, by some regarded as species, would be sought, viz. : 



Q. LEAN A, Nutt. (LEA'S OAK), of which single trees are known near Cin- 

 cinnati, Ohio, and Augusta, Illinois (Mead), is probably a hybrid between Q. 

 imbricaria and Q. tinctoria, or possibly Q. nigra. 



Q. HETEROPHYLLA, Michx. (BARTRAM OAK), was for it no longer exists 

 apparently a hybrid between Q. Phellos and Q. tinctoria ? 



* * * * Leaves deciduous, lobed or pinnatijid, long-petided, the tips of the lobes bris- 



tle-pointed. BLACK and RED OAKS. 

 *- Mature leaves downy underneath. 



13. Q. ilicifolia, Wang. (BEAR or BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) Dwarf; 

 leaves obovate, wedge-shaped at the base, angularly about 5-lobed, ivhitened-downy un- 

 derneath ; cup flattish-top-shaped ; acorn ovoid. Sandy barrens and rocky hills, 

 New England to Ohio and W. Virginia. (Q. Banisteri, Michx.) A straggling, 

 crooked shrub, 3 -8 high. Leaves 2' -4' long, thickish. Acorns barely % 

 long. 



14. Q. falcata, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves grayish-downy under- 

 neath, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3 - 5-lobed above ; the lobes prolonged, mostly 

 narrow and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the terminal one, entire or spar- 

 ingly cut-toothed ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn spherical or somewh.it depressed (J 7 

 long). Dry or sandy soil, from New Jersey and Penn. southward. A small 

 or large tree, extremely variable in foliage : a variety with shorter lobes is Q. 

 triloba, Willd. 



- <- Mature leaves glabrous on both sides or nearly so. 



*+ Cup conspicuously scaly, more or less top-shaped or contracted at the base : acorn 

 one third or nearly half immersed. 



15. Q. tinctoria, Bartram. (QUERCITRON or x BLACK OAK. YELLOW- 

 BARKED OAK.) Leaves more w less rusty-pubescent when young, nearly glabroua 



