CONIFERS. (PINE PAMILY.) 421 



SUBORDER I. ABIETINEJE. THE PROPER PINI FAMILY. 



1. PIN US, Toura. PINE. 



Flowers monoecious. Sterile catkins spiked, consisting of numerous stamens 

 inserted on the axis, with very short filaments and a scale-like connective : 

 anther-cells 2, opening lengthwise. Pollen of 3 united grains. Fertile catkins 

 terminal, solitary or aggregated, consisting of imbricated carpellary scales, each 

 in the axil of a deciduous bract, bearing a pair of inverted ovules at the base. 

 Fruit a cone formed of the imbricated and woody carpellary scales, which are 

 thickened at the apex (except in White Pines), persistent, spreading when ripe 

 and dry ; the 2 nut-like seeds partly sunk in excavations at the base of the scale, 

 and in separating carrying away a part of its lining in the form of a thin and 

 fragile wing. Cotyledons 3-12, linear. Primary leaves of the shoots thin 

 and chaff-like, merely bud-scales ; from their axils immediately proceed the 

 secondary leaves, which make the foliage, in the form of fascicles of 2 to 5 needle- 

 shaped evergreen leaves, from slender buds, the thin scarious bud-scales sheath- 

 ing the base of the cluster. Blossoms developed in spring ; the cones commonly 

 maturing in the autumn of the second year. (The classical Latin name.) 



4 1. Leaves 2 or 3 (very rarely 4) in a sheath, mostly rigid: bark rough: scales of 



the cones woody, thickened at the end and mostly spiny -tipped. 



# Leaves in twos, in No, 5 occasionally some in threes. 



1. P. BankSiana, Lambert. (GRAY or NORTHERN SCRUB PINE.) 

 Leaves short (!' long), oblique, divergent; cones ovate-conical, usually curved, 

 smooth, the scales pointless. (P. rupestris, Michx.f.) Rocky banks, N. Maine, 

 N. Michigan and Wisconsin, and northward. A straggling shrub or low tree 

 (5 -20 high) ; the rigid leaves concave-grooved above ; the irregular or curved 

 cones l'-2' long. 



2. P. iilOpS, Ait. (JERSEY or SCRUB PINE.) Leaves rather short (11'- 

 2|' long) ; cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2' -3' long), the scales tipped 

 until a prominent and straight awl-shaped prickle. Barrens and sterile hills, New 

 Jersey to Kentucky and southward. A straggling tree, 15 -40 high, with 

 spreading or drooping branchlets : young shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. 



3. P. pungeilS, Michx. (TABLE MOUNTAIN PINE.) Leaves stout and 

 rigid, rather short (2.^' long), crowded; cones ovate (3^-' long), the scales armed 

 with a strong hooked spine (^ long). Blue Ridge, Virginia, west of Charlottes- 

 villc (Curtis), and southward. 



4. P. resilldsa, Ait. (RED PINE.) Leaves from long sheaths, semicylm- 

 drical, elongated (5'-6 ; long), dark green; cones ovoid-conical; the scales point- 

 less. (P. rubra, Michx.f.) Dry "woods, Maine to Pcnn., Wisconsin, and north- 

 ward. Tree 50 -80 high, with reddish and rather smooth bark, and compact 

 wood, but usually less resinous than in No. 6. Cones about 2' long, sometimes 

 aggregated in large and close clusters. Wrongly called Norway Pine. 



5. P. BID it is, Michx. (YELLOW PINE.) Leaves in pairs or sometimes in 

 threes from long sheaths, chanrelled, slender (3' -5' long) ; cones ovoid or oblong- 

 conical (barely 2' long) ; the scales tipped with a minute, and weaJc prickle. (P. 



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