MELANTHACE^E. (COLCHICUM FAMILY.) 478 



Anthers heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, confluently 1-celled, shield-shaped after opening: 

 pod 3-horned. septicidal : seeds flat, membranaceous-margined. 



*- Sepals glandular on the inside near the base. 

 4. MELANTHIUM. Flowers polygamous. Sepals entirely free from the ovary, their long 



claws bearing the stamens. 



6. ZYGADENUS. Flowers perfect. Sepals nearly free or coherent with the base of the ovary 

 stamens separate. 



- - Sepals destitute of glands, not clawed. 



6. STENANTHIUM. Perianth below coherent with the base of the ovary ; the sepals lanceo- 



late, pointed, longer than the stamens. Racemes compound-panicled. 



7. VERATRUM Perianth entirely free ; the obovate or oblong sepals longer than the sta- 



mens. Flowers panicled, polygamous. 



8. AMIANTHIUM. Perianth free, the oval or obovate sepals shorter than the stamens 



Flowers racemed, perfect. 



* * Anthers 2-celled : pod loculicidal. Flowers racemed or spiked. 



9. XEROPHYLLUM. Flowers perfect. Cells of the globose-3-lobed pod 2-seeded. Learea 



rush-like. Seeds 2 in each cell. 



10. HELONIAS. Flowers perfect. Cells of the globose-3-lobed pod many-seeded. Leaves 



lanceolate. S*pe naked. Seeds numerous. 



11. CHABL&LIRIUM. Flowers dioacious. Pod oblong, many-seeded. Stem leafy. 



* * * Anthers 2-celled, Innate or introrse : pod septicidal. 



12. TOFIELDIA. Flowers perfect, spiked or racemed. Leaves equitant. 



SUBORDER I. UVUL.ARIEJE. THE BELLWORT FAMILY. 



1. UVUJLARIA, L. BELLWORT. 



Perianth nearly bell-shaped, lily-like ; the sepals spatulate-lanceolate, with a 

 honey-bearing groove or pit at the erect contracted base, much longer than the 

 stamens, which barely adhere to their base. Anthers long and linear, adnate : 

 filaments short. Style deeply 3-cleft ; the divisions stigmatic along the inner 

 side. Pod triangular or 3-lobed, 3-valved from the top. Seeds few in each 

 cell, obovoid, with a tumid or fungous rhaphe. Rootstock short or creeping. 

 Flowers pale yellow, nodding, solitary or rarely in pairs, on terminal peduncles 

 which become lateral by the growth of the branches. (Name " from the flowers 

 hanging like the uvula, or palate.") 



# Leaves clasping-perfoliate : sepals acute : pod obouate-truncate, 3-lobed at the top. 



1. U. grandiflora, Smith. (LARGE-FLOWERED BELLWORT.) Leaveg 

 oblong or elliptical-ovate, pale and obscurely pubescent underneath; sepals 

 smooth within; anthers Hunt-pointed; lobes of the pod with convex sides. Rich 

 woods, Vermont to Ohio, Wisconsin, and northward. May, June. Flowers 

 pale greenish-yellow, !' long. 



2. U. perfoliata, L. (SMALLER BELLWORT.) Leaves ovate or ob- 

 long-lanceolate, smooth, glaucous underneath ; sepals granular-roughened inside ; 

 anthers conspicuously pointed; lobes of the pod with concave sides. Moist 

 copses ; common eastward and southward. May. Smaller than No. 1 : 

 flowers pale yellow, |' to 1' long. 



* * Leaves sessile : sepals rather obtuse : pod ovoid-triangular, sharp-angled. 



3. U. sessilifolia, L. (SESSILE-LEAVED BELLWORT.) Smooth ; leaves 

 oval or lanceolate-oblong, pale, glaucous underneath ; styles united to the mid- 

 40* 



