78 VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



5. V. palfrstris, L. (MARSH V.) Smooth; leaves round-heart-shaped 

 and kidney-form, slightly crenate ; flowers (small) pale lilac with purple streaks, 

 nearly beardless ; spur very short and obtuse. Alpine summits of the White 

 Mountains, New Hampshire, and high northward. June. (Eu.) 



6. V. Selkirkii, Pursh., Goldie., 1822. (GREAT-SPURRED V.) Small and 

 delicate ; the filiform rootstock fibrose-rooted, no runners above ground ; smooth, 

 except the round-heart-shaped crenate leaves, which are minutely hairy on the 

 upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus ; spur very large, thickened at the 

 end, almost as long as the beardless pale violet petals. (V. umbrosa, Fries, 1828. 

 V. Kamtschatica, Gingins, 1826.) Damp and shady soil, W. Massachusetts to 

 Chatauque Co., N. Y. ( Clinton), L. Superior (Robbins), and northward : rare. 

 Scapes and petioles l'-2', the leaf $'-l|' long, thin ; the spur 3" long. (Eu.) 



* * * * Flowers violet or purple (or rarely almost white) : rootstocks fleshy and thick- 

 ened or tuberous, mostly erect or ascending, producing neither runners nor runner- 

 like subterranean branches. 



7. V. CUCUllata, Ait. (COMMON BLUE V.) Rootstocks thickly dentate 

 with fleshy teeth, branching and forming compact masses ; leaves all long-petioled 

 and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus^ varying to kidney-shaped and dilated- 

 triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled in- 

 wards when young, obtusely serrate; lateral and often the lower petals bearded; 

 spur short and thick; stigma slightly beaked or beakless. Low grounds, com- 

 mon everywhere. Very variable in size, shape of leaves and sepals, and in the 

 color and size of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue or purple, some- 

 times nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3'- 10' high. Passes by 

 intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmata. (HAND-LEAF V.) Leaves variously 3 - 1 -cleft or parted, or 

 the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) Common, 

 especially southward. 



Var. cordata. Leaves chiefly round-heart-shaped and prostrate, sometimes 

 villous, sometimes nearly glabrous, small. (V. villosa and V. cordata, Walt. 

 V. sorbria, Willd:) Common southward ; a variety growing in drier soil or 

 more exposed situations. 



8. V. sagittata, Ait. (ARROW-LEAVED V.) Smoothish or hairy ; leaves 

 on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying from 

 oblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate or ovate, denticu- 

 late, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasionally all . the 

 (pretty large purple-blue) petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nutt., and V. emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable spe- 

 cies.) Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. 

 Rootstock nearly as in the preceding, into which some forms seem to pass. 



9. V. delphinifdlia, Nutt. (LARKSPUR V.) Leaves all palmately or pe- 

 dately 5 - 7 -parted, divisions 2 - 3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals bearded ; stigma 

 short-beaked ; otherwise like the next. Rich prairies, Illinois and westward. 



10. V. pedata, L. (BIRD-FOOT V.) Nearly smooth ; rootstock short and 

 very thick, erect, not scaly ; leaves all 3 - ^-divided, or the earliest only parted, 

 the lateral divisions 2 - 3-parted, all linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2 - 



