VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 79 



3-toothed or cut -at the apex ; petals beardless ;. stigma nearly beakless. Sandy 

 or gravelly soil, New England to Illinois and southward. Flower large, 1 ; 

 broad, pale or deep lilac-purple or blue. 



Var. bicolor. A very handsome variety, with the two upper petals deep 

 violet, and as it were velvety, like a pansy, occurs sparingly from Massachusetts 

 to Maryland, &c. 

 2. LEAFY-STEMMED VIOLETS : all but the last perennial, from short rootstocks. 



# Leaf-bearing from base to summit, usually branching and Jlowering all summer: 



stipules entire or barely toothed, notfoliaceous. 



11. V. canina, L., var. sylv6stris, Regel. (Doo V.) Low (3' -8' high) ; 

 stems ascending, mostly simple, from the base at length producing creeping 

 branches ; leaves heart-shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppermost 

 slightly pointed ; stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur cylindrical., half the 

 length of the light violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. sylvestris, Lam. V. Muhlenbergii, Torr., and former ed.) Damp or wet 

 shady places : common. May -July. (Eu.) 



12. V. rostrata, Pursh. (LONG-SPURRED V.) Stems ascending (3' -6' 

 high); leaves roundish- heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules lance- 

 olate, fringed-toothed, large ; spur slender (' long), longer than the pale violet beard- 

 less petals; style straight and slender ; stigma terminal, beakless. Shaded hill- 

 sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky, and southwards in the Alleghanies : rather 

 rare. June, July. 



13. V. striata, Ait. (PALE V.) Stems angular, ascending (6'- 10' high) ; 

 leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, large, 

 strongly fringed-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter than the cream-colored or white 

 petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with purplish lines ; stigma 

 beaked. Low grounds ; common, especially westward. April - Oct. 



14. V. Canad6nsis, L. (CANADA V.) Upright (l-2 high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded ; spur very short ; stigma beakless. Rich woods ; common northward 

 and along the Alleghanies. May - Aug. 



* * Simple stems erect, naked below, 2 - ^-leaved above : stipules nearly entire : flow- 



ers yellow, in spring and early summer : stigma bearded on each side. 



15. V. pubesc6ns, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent (6'- 

 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed; stipules 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur extremely short ; lower petals veined with 

 purple. Woods; common. 



Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. More pubescent, stout, 1- 2 high; pods woolly. 

 (V. eriocarpa, Schwein.} Common westward. 



Var. scabriuscula, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and greener, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; stems often decumbent (4'- 10' high). Rhode Island to Kentucky. 



16. V. hastata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Nearly glabrous, slen- 

 der (4' -10' high); stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute; stipules ovate, small; spur very short. Woods, N. Ohio (near 

 Painesville, Miss Shattuck), mountains of Penn., and southward : rare. 



