160 ROSACE^E. (ROSE FAMILY.) 



*- *- *- Fruit large ('-' long), red: flowers large: styles and stones of the fruit 

 even in the same species 1-3 (when the fruit is ovoid or pear-shaped), or 4-5 

 (when the fruit is globular) : stipules, calyx-teeth, bracts, frc. often beset with 



6. C. COCCinea, L. (SCARLET-FRUITED THORN.) Glabrous throughout; 

 leaves thin, roundish-ovate, sharply toothed and cut, or somewhat cut-lobed, 

 usually abrupt at the base, on slender petioles ; flowers white, often with a rosy 

 tinge (I' broad) ; fruit bright coral-red, ovoid (' broad), scarcely edible. 

 Thickets and rocky banks : common. May. A low tree. 



7. C. tomentdsa, L. (BLACK or PEAR THORN.) Downy or vittous- 

 pubescent at least when young on the peduncles, calyx, and lower side of the 

 leaves ; leaves thickish, rather large, oval or ovate-oblong, sharply toothed and 

 often cut, abruptly narrowed at the base into a somewhat margined petiole, the 

 upper surface more or less furrowed along the veins; flowers large (often 1, 

 broad), white ; fruit scarlet or orange, large ('-!' broad), globular or somewhat 

 pear-shaped, edible. Thickets : common. May, June. A tall shrub or low 

 tree, of many varieties, of which the following are the most marked. 



Var. pyrifblia. Leaves sparingly pubescent beneath when young, soon 

 glabrous, smooth above, and shining often slightly cut-lobed ; fruit large, bright- 

 colored, sparingly dotted, of a pleasant flavor. (C. pyrifolia, Ait.) 



Var. punctata. Leaves rather small, mostly wedge-obovate, with a longer 

 tapering and entire base, unequally toothed above, rarely cut, villous-pubescent 

 when young, smooth but dull when old, the numerous veins more strongly im- 

 pressed on the upper surface and prominent underneath ; fruit globose, usually 

 dull red and yellowish with whitish dots. (C. punctata, Jacq.) 



Var. m611is. Leaves rounded, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base, soft- downy both sides, or at least beneath, very sharply doubly-toothed 

 and cut; fruit often downy, dull red. (C. subvillosa, Schrader. C. coccinea, 

 var. ? mollis. Torr. $* Gray.) Michigan, Illinois, and southwestward. 



8. C. Crus-galli, L. (COCKSPUR THORN.) Glabrous; leaves thick, 

 shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate, tapering into a very short petiole, 

 serrate above the middle; fruit globular, bright-red (J' broad). Thickets. 

 June. Shrub or tree 10 -20 high, with firm dark-green leaves very shining 

 above, and slender thorns often 2' long. This is our best species for hedges. 



* Corymbs simple, few- (1 - 6-) flowered : calyx, bracts, frc. glandular. 



9. C. flava, Ait. (SUMMER HAW.) Somewhat pubescent or glabrous; 

 leaves wedge-obovate or rhombic-obovate, narrowed into a glandular petiole, unequally 

 toothed and somewhat cut above the middle, rather thin, the teeth glandular; styles 

 4 - 5 ; fruit somewhat pear-shaped, yellowish, greenish, or reddish (' - ' broad). 

 Sandy soil, Virginia and southward. May. Tree 15 -20 high, with 

 rather large flowers, 2 - 6 in a corymb. 



Var. pubdscens. Downy or villous-pubescent when young ; leaves thick- 

 ish, usually obtuse or rounded at the summit. (C. elliptica, Ait. C. glandu- 

 losa, Michx. C. Virginica, Lodd. ) Virginia and southward. 



10. C. parvifdlia, Ait. (DWARF THORN.) Downy ; leaves thick, obovate- 

 spatulate, crenate-toothed (' - 1' long), almost sessile, the upper surface at length 



