194 UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



15. LIGTJSTICUM, L. LOVAGE. 



Calyx-teeth small or minute. Fruit elliptical, round on the cross-section, or 

 slightly flattened on the sides; the carpels each with 5 sharp and projecting or 

 narrowly winged ridges : intervals and inner face with many oil-tubes. Peren- 

 nials, with aromatic roots and fruit, 2 - 3-ternately compound leaves, and white 

 flowers. (Named from the country Liguria, where the officinal Lovage of the 

 gardens, L. Levisticum, abounds.) 



1. L. Sc6ticum, L. (SCOTCH LOVAGE.) Very smooth ; stem (2 high), 

 simple ; leaves 2-ternate ; leaflets rhombic-ovate, coarsely toothed or cut ; leaflets 

 of the involucre and involucels linear ; calyx-teeth distinct ; fruit narrowly oblong. 

 Salt marshes, from Rhode Island northward. Aug. (Eu.) 



2. L. actaeifdlium, Michx. (NONDO. ANGELICO.) Smooth ; stem (39 - 

 6 high) branched above ; the numerous umbels forming a loose and naked 

 somewhat whorled panicle, the lateral ones mostly barren ; leaves 3-ternate ; leaf- 

 lets broadly ovate, equally serrate, the end ones often 3-parted ; calyx-teeth mi- 

 nute ; ribs of the short fruit wing-like. Rich woods, Virginia, Kentucky, and 

 southward along the mountains. July, Aug. Root large, with the strong 

 aromatic odor and taste of Angelica. (Michaux's habitat, "Banks of the St. 

 Lawrence," is probably a mistake.) 



16. THASPIUM, Nutt. MEADOW-PARSNIP. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete or short. Fruit ovoid or oblong, somewhat flattish or 

 contracted at the sides (the cross-section of each seed orbicular and somewhat 

 angled or 5-angular) ; the carpels each with 5 strong and equal ribs or wings, 

 the lateral ones marginal: oil-tubes single in each interval. Perennial herbs, 

 with 1 -2-ternately divided leaves (or the root-leaves simple), umbels with no 

 involucre, minute few-leaved involucels, and yellow or sometimes dark-purple 

 flowers. (Name a play upon Thapsia, a genus so called from the isMnd of Thap- 

 sus.) I include in this genus Zizia, Koch, because the same species has fruit 

 either ribbed or winged, and retain the name of Zizia for Z. integerrima, DC. 

 * Stems loosely branched, 2 5 high, mostly pubescent on the joints: calyx short but 

 manifest : corolla light yellow : leaves all ternately compound. 



1. T. barbin6de, Nutt. Leaves 1- 3-ternate; leaflets ovate or lance-ovate 

 and acute, mostly with a wedge-shaped base, above deeply cut-serrate, often 2 -3-cleft 

 or parted, the terminal one long-stalked (l'-2' long) ; fruit oblong, 6-10-winged 

 (3" long), some of the dorsal wings often narrow or obsolete. River-banks, 

 W. New York to Wisconsin, and southward. July. 



2. T. pinnatifidum, Gray. Branchlets, umbels, &c. roughish-puberulent ; 

 leaves 1 - 3-ternate ; leaflets 1 - 2-pinnatifid, the lobes linear or oblong ; fruit oblong, 

 narrowly 8-W-winged (!' long), the intervals minutely scabrous. (Zizia pin- 

 natifida, Buckley. Thaspium Walter!, Shuttlew., excl. syn. Walt.) Barrens of 

 Kentucky (Short), and southward in the mountains. 



# * Stems somewhat branched ; the whole plant glabrous : calyx-teeth obscure. 



3. T. atireum, Nutt. Leaves all 1 - 2-teryately divided or parted (or rarely 

 some of the root-leaves simple and heart-shaped) ; the divisions or leaflets oblong- 



