196 UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



2O. ClCUTA, L. WATER-HEMLOCK. 



Calyx minutely 5-toothed. Fruit subglobose, a little contracted at the sides, 

 the carpels with 5 flattish and strong ribs : intervals with single oil-tubes. 

 Marsh perennials, very poisonous, smooth, with thrice pinnately or ternately 

 compound leaves, the veins of the lanceolate or oblong leaflets terminating in 

 the notches. Involucre few-leaved : involucels many-leaved. Flowers white ; 

 in summer. (The ancient Latin name of the Hemlock.) 



1. C. maculata, L. (SPOTTED COWBANE. MUSQUASH ROOT. BEA- 

 VER-Poiso\.) Stem streaked with purple, stout ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 

 coarsely serrate, sometimes lobed, pointed. Swamps : common. Aug. 

 Plant 3' - 6 high, coarse ; the root a deadly poison. 



2. C. bulbifera, L. Leaflets linear, remotely toothed or cut-lobed ; upper 

 axils bearing clustered bulblets. Swamps : common northward : seldom fruiting. 



21. SIUM, L. WATER-PARSNIP. 



Calyx-teeth small or none. Fruit oblong, ovate or globular, flattish or con- 

 tracted at the sides ; the carpels with 5 mostly strong ribs : intervals with 1 - 

 several oil-tubes. Marsh or aquatic perennials, smooth, poisonous, with sharp- 

 angled or grooved stems, simply pinnate leaves, and serrate or incised leaflets, 

 or the immersed leaves more compound. Involucre several-leaved. Flowers 

 white; in summer. (Name supposed to be from the Celtic siu, water.) 

 * Pericarp thin between the strong projecting ribs : lateral ribs marginal. 



1. S. lineare, Michx. Tall (2 -4); leaflets linear, lanceolate, or oblong- 

 lanceolate, tapering to a sharp point, very sharply serrate ; calyx-teeth none or 

 obsolete ; fruit globular, with corky and very salient ribs, or rather wings ; oil-tubes 

 1 -3 in the very narrow intervals. (S. cicutaefolium, Gmelin, of Siberia is prob- 

 ably the same, and if so, the older name.) In water or wet places : common. 



S. LATirdLiUM, L., of Europe (for which broad-leaved forms m our plant 

 have been mistaken), if ever found in this country, will be known by its blunt 

 or less tapering leaves, slender calyx-teeth, and much less projecting or wing- 

 like ribs to the more oval fruit. 



2. S. Cars6nii, Durand, ined. Smaller (1- 2 high), branched ; leaflets 

 3-7, thin, varying from linear to oblong, acute, sharply serrate ; calyx-teeth 

 none or obsolete ; fruit ovoid-globnlar, with strong filiform ribs, the broad inter- 

 vals with 1-3 conspicuous oil-tubes. Wet banks of streams, or in flowing 

 water (when the submersed or floating leaflets are very thin, sometimes reduced 

 to the terminal one, ovate or oblong, and usually laciniate-toothed or dissected : 

 in this state it was doubtfully referred to Helosciadium nodiflorum, Koch, in 

 addend, to ed. 2). Pennsylvania, around the Pocono Mountain, Prof. Traitt 

 Green, Prof. T. C. Porter, Dr. Carson. Connecticut, Prof. D. C. Eaton. 



* # Ribs inconspicuous or confluent in the thick texture of the pericarp, concealing 



the numerous oil-tubes, the lateral ones not quite marginal. (Be'rula, Koch.) 



2. S. angustifblium, L. Low (9' -20' high); leaflets varying from 



oblong to linear, mostly cut-toothed and cleft or even pinnatifid ; peduncles 



short ; fruit ovate ; calyx-teeth scarcely any. Wet places, Massachusetts (M. 



A. Cuitis in herb Durand), Michigan, Illinois (Dr. l r asey), and westward. (Eu.) 



