BUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 209 



t- Ffou-ers very abundant, the small clusters or cymes panicled on the branches. 



2. G. MOLLUGO, L. Stems (l-3 long) very smooth; leaves mostly in 

 whorls of 8, oblanceolate or oblong-linear, barely rough on the margins, slen- 

 der-pointed ; flowers forming a long panicle. Washington Heights, near New 

 York, W. W. Denslow. (Adv. from Eu.) 



3. G. aspr611um, Michx. (ROUGH BEDSTRAW.) Stem weak, much 

 branched, rough backwards with hooked prickles, leaning on bushes (3 -5 high) ; 

 leaves in whorls of 6, or 4-5 on the branchlets, oval-lanceolate, pointed, with almost 

 prickly margins and midrib; peduncles short, 2-3 times forked. Low thick- 

 ets : common northward. 



4. G. concinnum, Torr. & Gr. Stems low and slender (6' -12' high), 

 with minutely roughened angles ; leaves all in whorls of 6, linear, slightly pointed, 

 veinless, the margins upwardly roughened; peduncles slender, 2-3 times forked, 

 diffusely panicled at the summit ; pedicels short. Dry ground, Pennsylvania 

 from the Susquehanna, to Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, and Kentucky. Leaves 

 not blackening in drying. 



-i- -- Flowers few, lateral or terminating the branches, not panicled. 



5. G. trifidum, L. (SMALL BEDSTRAW.) Stems weak, ascending (5'- 

 20' high), branching, mostly roughened backwards on the angles; leaves in 

 whorls of 4 to 6j linear or oblanceolate, obtuse, the margins and midrib rough ; 

 corolla-lobes and stamens often only 3. Var. 1. pusf LLUM : stems rather 

 simple, 5' -8' high, nearly smooth; leaves only 3" -4" long, all in fours, soon 

 reflexed; peduncles 1 - 3-flowered. (In deep sphagnous swamps, northward.) 

 Var. 2. TINCTORIUM : stem taller and stouter, and with nearly smooth angles ; 

 peduncles 3 - 7-flowered, the corolla-lobes and stamens 4. Var. 3. LATIF6LIUM 

 (G. obtusum, Bigel.) : stem smooth and widely branched ; leaves oblong or ellip- 

 tical, quite rough on the midrib and margins. Swamps : common, and very 

 variable. (Eu.) 



* * * Perennial, procumbent : leaves 6 or rarely 5 in a whorl, with prominent midrib 



and no lateral nerves : flowers greenish : fruit bur-like, beset with hooked bristles. 



6. G. trifl6rum, Michx. (SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW.) Stem (1- 

 3 long) bristly-roughened backwards on the angles; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, 

 bristle-pointed, with slightly roughened margins (l'-2'long) ; peduncles 3-flow- 

 ered, the flowers all pedicelled. Rich woodlands : common. Sweet-scented 

 in drying. (Eu.) 



* # # * Perennial, ascending or upright : leaves all in fours, more or less 3-nerved: 



peduncles loosely or remotely 3 - several-flowered: corolla dull-purple, brownish, or 

 rarely cream-color; the lobes pointed or bristle-tipped : fruit, except in No. 10, 

 bur-like, beset with hooked bristles. 



7. G. pilosum, Ait. Hairy ; leaves oval, dotted, hairy (!' long) ,' scarcely 3- 

 nerved; peduncles twice or thrice 2 - 3-forked, the flowers all pedicelled. Dry copses, 

 Rhode Island and Vermont to Illinois and southward. Var. puNCTicoL6suM 

 is a nearly smooth form (G. puncticulosum, Michx.) : Virginia and southward. 



8. G. circifezans, Michx. (WILD LIQUORICE.) Smooth or downy (1 

 high) ; leaves oval, varying to ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, ciliate (!'- l' 

 long) ; peduncles usually once forked, the branches elongated and widely diverging in 



14 



