RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 211 



2. D. t^res, Walt. Hairy or minutely pubescent annual ; stem spreading 

 3' -9' long), nearly terete; leaves linear-lanceolate, closely sessile, rigid ; flowers 

 1-3 in each axil; corolla funnel-form (2" -3" long, whitish), with short lobes, 

 not exceeding the long bristles of the stipules ; style undivided ; fruit obovate- 

 turbinate, not furrowed, crowned with 4 short calyx-teeth. Sandy fields, from 

 New Jersey and Illinois southward. 



4. CEPHALANTHUS, L. BUTTON-BUSH. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4- 

 toothed; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 

 at length splitting from the base upward into 2 - 4-closed 1-seeded portions. 

 Shrubs, with the flowers densely aggregated in spherical peduncled heads. Flow- 

 ers white. (Name composed of Kf<pa\r), a head, and avOos, a flower.) 



1. C. OCCident&lis, L. Smooth or pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, with short intervening 

 stipules. Wet places : commqn. July, Aug. 



5. MITCHELLA, L. PARTRIDGE-BERRY. 



Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun- 

 nel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style I : stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, each with 4 small and seed-like 

 bony nutlets. A smooth and trailing small evergreen herb, with round-ovate 

 and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers often tinged 

 with purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) dry berries, which remain 

 over winter. Flowers occasionally 3 - 6-merous, always dimorphous ; all those 

 of some individuals having exserted stamens and included stigmas ; of others, 

 included stamens and exserted style. (This very pretty plant commemorates 

 Dr. John Mitchell, an early correspondent of Linnasus, and an excellent botanist, 

 who resided in Virginia.) 



1. M. ripens, L. Dry woods, creeping about the foot of trees: common. 

 June, July. Leaves often variegated with whitish lines. Rarely the two flow- 

 ers are completely confluent into one, with a 10-lobed corolla. 



6. OLDENLANDIA, Plumier, L. OLDENLANDIA. 



Calyx 4- (rarely 5-) lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel- 

 shaped; the limb 4- (rarely 5-) parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4 (rarely 

 5): anthers short. Style 1 or none: stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many- 

 seeded, opening loculicidally across the summit. Seeds concave, very numer- 

 ous, minute and angular. Low herbs, with small stipules united to the peti- 

 oles. (Dedicated, in 1703, to the memory of Oldenland, a German physician 

 and botanist, who died early at the Cape of Good Hope. ) 



1. O. glomerta, Michx. An inconspicuous, pubescent or smoothish,- 

 branched and spreading annual (2' -12' high) ; leaves oblong ; flowers in sessile 



