COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 221 



Subtribe 7. Senecionere. Heads radiate or discoid ; the central flowers perfect. An- 

 thers tailless. Pappus capillary. Receptacle naked. (Scales of the involucre commonly 

 in a single row.) 



* Heads discoid. Leaves alternate. 



61. Ereclithites. Heads many- flowered: Sowers whitish; the marginal ones pistillate 



and with filiform corollas. 



62. Cacalia. Heads 5 - many-flowered : flowers white or cream-color, all tubular and perfect. 



63. Senecio. Heads many-flowered : flowers yellow, all perfect. 



* * Heads radiate, many-flowered. 



*- Rays conspicuous and in a single row : flowers all fertile, yellow. 



63. Senecio. Pappus fine and soft. Leaves alternate. 



64. Arnica. Pappus of more rigid and rough-denticulate bristles. Leaves all opposite. 



T- H- Rays narrow or small, in more than one row, at least in fertile heads. Leaves all radical. 

 9. Nardosmia. Flowers whitish or purplish. Scape bearing several heads. 

 10. Tussilago. Flowers yellow. Scape bearing a single head. 



Tribe V. CYNARE.E. Heads (in our species) discoid, with the flowers tubular, or 

 some of the outer corollas enlarged an,d appearing like rays but not truly ligulate. Style 

 thickened or thickish near the summit ; the branches stigmatic to the apex, without any 

 appendage, often united below. (Heads large.) 



* Marginal flowers mostly neutral or sterile. Pappus not plumose. 



65. Centawrea. Achenia flat. Pappus of short naked bristles, or none. Marginal neutral 



flowers commonly enlarged or ray-like. 



66. Cnicus. Achenia terete, bearing 10 horny teeth and a pappus of 10 long and 10 shorter 



rigid naked bristles. Marginal flowers inconspicuous. 



* * Flowers all alike in the (ovoid or globular) head. 



67. Cirsium. Achenia smooth. Pappus of plumose bristles. Receptacle clothed with long 



and soft bristles or hairs. 



68. Car duns. Pappus of naked bristles : otherwise as No. 67. 



69. Onopordon. Achenia wrinkled transversely, 4-angled. Pappus not plumose. Recep- 



tacle honeycombed. 



70. Lappa. Achenia wrinkled, flattened. Pappus of short and rough bristles. Receptacle 



bristly. 



SUBORDER n. LJGULJFL.OR.aE. Tribe vi. CICHORACE^E. 



Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers per- 

 fect. Herbs, with milky juice. Leaves alternate. 



* Pappus none. 



71. Lampsana. Involucre cylindrical, of 8 scales in a single row, 8 - 12-flowered. 



* * Pappus chaffy, or of both chaff and bristles. 



72. Cichorinm. Pappus a small crown of many bristle-form scales. Involucre double. 



73. Krigia. Pappus of 5 broad chaffy scales, and 5 slender bristles. 



74. Cynthia. Pappus double ; the outer short, of many minute chaffy scales, the inner of 



numerous long capillary bristles. 



* * * Pappus plumose. 



75. Leontodon. Bristles of the pappus several, chaffy-dilated at the base, tawny. 



* * * * Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. 



f- Achenia not flattened nor distinctly beaked, columnar or terete, often slender: pappus 

 rather stiff, mostly tawny or dirty-white. 



76. Troximon. Involucre loosely imbricated, many-flowered: corolla yellow. Achenia 



10-ribbed. Pappus very copious and unequal. 



77. Hieracium. Involucre more or less imbricated, 12 - many -flowered : corolla yellow. 



Achenia short. Pappus of rather scanty and tawny roughish bristles. 



