COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 229 



slender naked petioles ; rays 6-9. Woodlands : common, especially northward. 

 July, Aug. Plant l-2 high, with smaller heads, looser corymbs, rounder 

 and less rigid exterior involucral scales, and thinner leaves than the next ; not 

 rough, but sometimes pubescent. 



2. A. macrophyllUS, L. Stem stout and rigid (2 -3 high); leaves 

 thickish, rough, closely serrate, somewhat pointed; the lower heart-shaped (4'- 10' 

 long, 3' - 6' wide), long-petioled ; the upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on mar- 

 gined petioles ; heads in ample rigid corymbs ; rays 12 - 25 (white or bluish). 

 Moist woods : common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., 

 Sept. Involucre ' broad; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, the 

 innermost much larger and thinner. 



2. CALLIASTRUM, Torr. & Gr. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several 

 rows, coriaceous, with short herbaceous tips: rays 12-30, violet or blue: achenia 

 narrow (smouthish) : pappus of rigid bristles of unequal thickness: stem-leaves all 

 sessile; lower ones not Jieart-shaped : heads few, or when several corymbose, large 

 and showy. (Allied to 1, and to Sericocarpus.) 



3. A. Hadula, Ait. Stem simple or corymbose at the summit, smooth, 

 many-leaved (l-3 high) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate pointed, sharply serrate in the 

 middle, very rough both sides and rugose-veined, closely sessile (2' -3' long), nearly 

 equal ; scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong, oppressed, with very short and slightly 

 spreading herbaceous tips ; achenia smooth. Bogs and low grounds, Delaware 

 to Maine and northward, near the coast. Also Pocono Mountain, Penn. (Prof 

 T. Green) ; and a dwarf variety, with linear-lanceolate leaves, at White Moun- 

 tains, New Hampshire. Aug. Rays light violet. Involucre nearly smooth, 

 except the ciliate margins. 



4. A. Surcul6sus, Michx. Stems slender (-l high), from long and 

 slender, or here and there tuberous-thickened, creeping, subterranean shoots or suck- 

 ers, roughish-pubescent above, 1-2- or corymbosely several-flowered ; leaves 

 roughish, obscurely toothed, lanceolate or the lower spatulate ; involucre obconical or 

 bell-shaped ('-' long), the whitish and coriaceous scoJ.es with short herbaceous 

 tips, the outer ones shorter; achenia slightly pubescent. Var. GR\CILIS (A. gra- 

 cilis, Nutt.) is a form with the scales of the narrower obconical involucre succes- 

 sively shorter and with very short and scarcely spreading green tips, resembling 

 a Sericocarpus. Moist grounds, pine barrens of New Jersey and southward. 

 Sept. Rays about 12, violet, 6" long. 



5. A. spectabilis, Ait. Stems (1- 2 high) minutely rough and gland- 

 ular-pubescent at the summit ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, roughish, obscurely toothed, 

 tapering to the base ; scales of the short and almost hemispherical involucre linear-ob- 

 long, with conspicuous spatulate glandular-downy tips, the outermost scarcely shorter; 

 achenia slightly pubescent. Sandy soil, Massachusetts to New. Jersey, near 

 the coast, and southward. Sept. - Nov. One of the handsomest of the genus, 

 though the heads are few. The rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceolate, nearly 

 1' long, very deep violet-blue. Involucre %' long and wide. 



6. A. H6rveyi, n. sp. Stem slender (l-2 high), nearly smooth, the 

 summit and peduncles of the several corymbose heads minutely glandular-pubes- 

 cent ; leaves thinnish, roughish, obscurely serrate, oblong-lanceolate, very acute, all but 



