COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 257 



12. H. gTOSSe-serratUS, Martens. Stem smooth and glaucous, at least 

 below (5 - 10 high) ; leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, serrate, rough above, rounded or acute at the base, petioled, hoary- 

 doicny beneath ; scales of the involucre lance-awl-shaped, slightly ciliate. Dry 

 plains, Ohio to Illinois, and southwestward. Probably runs into the last. 



13. H. tomentOSUS, Michx. Stem hairy, stout (4 -8 high); leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest ovate, taper-pointed, obscurely serrate, large (5'- 

 12' long), somewhat petioled, very rough above, soft-downy beneath ; scales of the 

 involucre with very long and spreading tips, hairy ; the chaff and tips of the 

 disk-flowers pubescent. (Disk 1' broad; rays 12-16 about 1' long.) Rich 

 woods, Illinois ? Virginia and southward along the mountains. 



- *- Leaves opposite, or the uppermost alternate, 3-nerved or triple-ribbed. 



14. H. Strumbsus, L. Stem (3 -4 high) smooth below; leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, tapering gradually to a point, serrate with small oppressed tt-eth, abruptly 

 contracted into short margined petioles, rough above, whitish and naked or mi- 

 nutely downy underneath ; scales of the involucre broadly lanceolate with spread- 

 ing tips, equalling the disk; rays mostly 10. Var. MOLLIS has the leaves 

 softly downy underneath. River-banks and low copses . common, especially 

 westward. 



15. H. divaricatus, L. Stem simple or forked and corymbed at the top 

 (l-4 high) smooth; leaves all opposite and divaricate, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved 

 from the rounded or truncate sessile base, tapering gradually to a sharp point (3'- 

 6' long), serrate, thickish, rough both sides; scales of the involucre lanceolate 

 from a broad base, pointed, equalling the disk; rays 8-12. Thickets and 

 barrens : common. Disk 6" wide ; rays 1 ' long. 



16. H. hirsiltUS, Raf. Stem simple or forked above, stout (1- 2 high), 

 bristly-hairy ; leaves more or less petioled, ovate-lanceolate, gradually pointed, slightly 

 serrate, rounded or obtuse at the base, very rough above, rough-hairy underneath ; 

 scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, pointed, equalling the disk ; rays about 

 12. Dry plains, Ohio to Wisconsin, and southward. Runs into the last. 



17. H. tracheliif61ius, Willd. Stem loosely branched, tall, hairy; 

 leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply serrate, 

 smooth/'sh or rouyhish- pubescent both sides, contracted into short petioles ; scales of 

 the involucre lanceolate-linear, elongated and very taper-pointed, loose, exceed- 

 ing the disk; rays 12-15. Copses, Pennsylvania and Ohio to Illinois, and 

 southward. Probably runs into the next. 



18. H. decapetalus, L. Stem branching (3 -6 high), smooth below; 

 leaves thin and green both sides, smooth or roughish, ovate, coarsely serrate, pointed, 

 abruptly contracted into marginal petioles ; scales of the involucre lanceolate- 

 linear, elongated, loosely spreading, the outer longer than the disk ; rays about 

 10. Var. FROND6sus has the outer involucral scales foliaceous or changing to 

 leaves. Copses and low banks of streams: common, especially northward. 

 (H. multiflorus, L., may be a cultivated state of this.) 



19. H. doronicoldes, Lam. Stem stout (5- 9 high), branching, rough- 

 hairy above ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, serrate, strongly triple-veined \ 

 rough above, smoothish or downy underneath, the lower often heart-shaped and on 



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