264: COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



48. BALDWINIA, Nutt. BALDWINIA. 



Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate ; the long and narrowly wedge-shaped 

 rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 

 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep 

 honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenia. 

 Pappus of 7 - 9 lance-oblong erect chaffy scales. A perennial herb, smoothish, 

 with slender simple stems (2 -3 high), bearing alternate oblanceolate leaves, 

 and the long naked summit terminated by a showy large head. Rays yellow 

 (!' long) ; the disk-flowers often turning dark purple. (Named for the late Dr. 

 William Baldwin.) 



1. B. uniflbra, Nutt. Borders of swamps, Virginia and southward. 

 Aug. 



49. MARSHALLIA, Schreb. MARSHALLIA. 



Heads many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the 

 involucre linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. 

 Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear rigid chaff among the flow- 

 ers. Lobes of the corolla slender, spreading. Achenia top-shaped, 5-angled. 

 Pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales. Smooth and low 

 perennials, with alternate and entire 3-nerved leaves, and solitary heads (re- 

 sembling those of a Scabious) terminating the naked summit of the simple 

 stem or branches. Flowers purplish ; the anthers blue. (Named for Humphry 

 Marshall, of Pennsylvania, author of Arbustrum Americanum, one of the earliest 

 works on the trees and shrubs of this country.) 



1. M. latifblia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, 

 sessile. Dry soil, Virginia and southward. (M. LANCEOLATA and M. AN- 

 GUSTIFOLIA may occur in S. Virginia.) 



50. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pav. GALINSO^A. 



Heads several-flowered, radiate ; the rays 4-5, small, roundish, pistillate. 

 Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow chaff 

 among the flowers. Achenia angled. Pappus of small oblong cut-fringed 

 chaffy scales (sometimes wanting). Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved 

 thin leaves, and small heads ; disk-flowers yellow ; rays whitish. (Named for 

 Galinsoga, a Spanish botanist.) 



1. G. PARVIFL6RA, Cav. Smoothish (1 high) ; leaves ovate, acute, some- 

 what toothed ; scales of the pappus 8 - 16. Waste places, especially eastward ; 

 spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer.) 



51. MA RUT A, Cass. MAT-WEED. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays neutral. Involucre of many small 

 somewhat imbricated scales, shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, bearing 

 slender chaff, at least near the summit. Achenia obovoid, ribbed, smooth. 

 Pappus none, Annual acrid herbs, with a strong odor, finely thrice-pinnately 

 divided leaves, and single heads terminating the branches. Rays white, soon 



